IBM Switch NH2025 10 User Manual

NH2025-10  
High Density Workgroup Switch  
Installation and User Guide  
 
Standards Compliance  
UL 1950; CSA 22.2 No 950; VCCI; FCC Part 15 Class A; CE-89/336/EEC, 73/23/EEC  
FCC Notice  
WARNING: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant  
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference  
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio  
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful  
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful  
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.  
The user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment without approval of the manufacturer  
could void the users authority to operate this equipment.  
It is suggested that the user use only shielded and grounded cables when appropriate to ensure compliance with FCC Rules.  
CE Mark  
The CE mark symbolizes compliance with the EMC directive of the European Community. Such marking is indicative  
that the specified equipment meets or exceeds the following technical standards:  
·
·
·
·
·
EN 55022 – Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information  
Technology Equipment”  
EN 50082-1 – Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic immunity standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and  
light industry”  
IEC 1000-4-2 – Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment  
Part 2: Electrostatic discharge requirements” – Severity level 3  
IEC 1000-4-3 – Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment  
Part 3: Radiated electromagnetic field requirements” – Severity level 2  
IEC 1000-4-4 – Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment  
Part 4: Electrical fast transient/burst requirements” – Severity level 2  
·
·
CISPR 22 – Radiated and Line-conducted Class A  
EN 60950 – ITE Safety  
A “Declaration of Conformity, in accordance with the above standards, has been made and is on file at NBase-Xyplex  
Communications Ltd.  
VCCI  
This equipment is in the 2nd Class category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area  
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council For Interference by Information  
Technology Equipment aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential area.  
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read the instructions for correct handling.  
 
 
Contents  
Network Management Systems.................................................................................................2  
Feature Summary......................................................................................................................3  
Management ...................................................................................................................... 3  
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
Rack Mounting .................................................................................................................. 5  
Front Panel ........................................................................................................................ 5  
Rear Panel ......................................................................................................................... 6  
Installing Modules in the Unit ..................................................................................................6  
Modules for NH 2025-10.................................................................................................... 7  
EM2003-2FO ..................................................................................................................... 7  
EM2003-8TP ...................................................................................................................... 8  
Em2003-2GE*.................................................................................................................... 8  
Connecting Power to the Unit ...................................................................................................8  
Input Supply...................................................................................................................... 8  
Grounding.......................................................................................................................... 9  
Connecting Your Network ................................................................................................. 9  
Getting Started  
Logging Into the Command Line Interface ............................................................................. 11  
Setting the IP Address............................................................................................................. 11  
Verifying the Installation ........................................................................................................ 12  
Using the Command Line Interface  
Command Line Help ................................................................................................................ 13  
Getting Command Parameter Help................................................................................... 13  
Getting Command Group Help.......................................................................................... 14  
Using Command Wildcards ............................................................................................... 14  
Command Line Errors ............................................................................................................. 16  
Incorrect Number of Parameters....................................................................................... 16  
i
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Console Commands ..................................................................................................................17  
IP Configuration ................................................................................................................23  
Erasing an IP Configuration .............................................................................................25  
Bootp Configuration...........................................................................................................25  
Port configuration ....................................................................................................................27  
EtherChannel...........................................................................................................................30  
Setting the EtherChannel Configuration ..........................................................................30  
Deleting the EtherChannel Configuration ........................................................................31  
Set Port Priority.................................................................................................................31  
Get Port Priority ................................................................................................................32  
Modifying the Switch Policy ..............................................................................................32  
How the STP Topology Stabilizes ......................................................................................33  
Spanning Tree Parameters................................................................................................34  
Manually Designating a Root Bridge ................................................................................34  
Selecting a Designated Switch/Bridge...............................................................................34  
Topology Change Notification BPDU ................................................................................35  
Using STP to Manage Redundant Links ...........................................................................35  
Spanning Tree Commands ................................................................................................35  
Enabling/ Disabling STP...................................................................................................35  
Configuring the Bridge ......................................................................................................36  
Setting Port Configuration ................................................................................................37  
Switching Commands ..............................................................................................................39  
Aging Configuration ..........................................................................................................39  
Adding Static Entries ........................................................................................................42  
Virtual Broadcast Domain .......................................................................................................43  
Viewing the VBC Mode......................................................................................................43  
Setting the VBC mode .......................................................................................................43  
Creating VBC Domains .....................................................................................................43  
ii  
 
Important Considerations ................................................................................................. 46  
Setting the VLAN Mode .................................................................................................... 46  
Inter-Switch VLAN or ISVLAN ............................................................................................... 47  
Tag Field Format ............................................................................................................... 47  
Principles of ISVLAN ........................................................................................................ 47  
Viewing the ISVLAN Mode................................................................................................ 47  
Setting a Tagged Port ........................................................................................................ 47  
Removing a Tagged Port.................................................................................................... 48  
Server Port ........................................................................................................................ 48  
Creating a Server Port ....................................................................................................... 48  
Removing a Server Port ..................................................................................................... 49  
Creating a VLAN ............................................................................................................... 49  
Viewing VLAN Configuration............................................................................................ 49  
VLAN Management ........................................................................................................... 51  
Modifying the Management Tag........................................................................................ 51  
Deleting the Management from a VLAN............................................................................ 51  
Creating a VLAN with Port Management ......................................................................... 52  
Physical configuration schema .......................................................................................... 52  
VLAN Server Port Configuration:...................................................................................... 52  
VLAN Configuration ......................................................................................................... 53  
Finance VLAN Configuration:........................................................................................... 53  
Checking the Configuration:.............................................................................................. 53  
Utilities Commands ................................................................................................................. 54  
Port mirroring ................................................................................................................... 54  
Setting the Monitoring Port ............................................................................................... 55  
Monitoring with: monitor .................................................................................................. 55  
Saving the Configuration .................................................................................................. 55  
Stopping Monitoring.......................................................................................................... 55  
Viewing the NVRAM Configuration .................................................................................. 56  
Erasing the NVRAM configuration ................................................................................... 56  
Setting the Frame Generator ............................................................................................. 56  
Starting the Frame Generation.......................................................................................... 56  
Stopping the Frame Generation......................................................................................... 57  
SNMP....................................................................................................................................... 57  
SNMP basic configuration ................................................................................................. 57  
SNMP Community String Commands .............................................................................. 58  
Setting the Read or Write Community............................................................................... 58  
SNMP Traps ...................................................................................................................... 59  
iii  
 
Setting the Authentication Trap ........................................................................................59  
Statistics ..................................................................................................................................61  
Getting Collisions on a Port ...............................................................................................61  
Rmon Statistics..................................................................................................................62  
Getting the Packet Size Distribution ..................................................................................62  
Console Commands ..................................................................................................................67  
IP Commands...........................................................................................................................68  
Ping Commands .......................................................................................................................68  
EtherChannel Commands........................................................................................................68  
SNMP Commands ....................................................................................................................68  
Switching Database Commands ..............................................................................................69  
Virtual LAN Commands ..........................................................................................................69  
Port Monitoring........................................................................................................................70  
Switching Statistics Commands ..............................................................................................70  
Download Procedure - "Server mode"................................................................................75  
iv  
 
Overview  
The NH2025-10 is a robust switch platform, representing the next generation in switching  
technology. It boasts a combination of cutting-edge hardware architecture, a rich set of Virtual  
LAN (VLAN) options and advanced network management features.  
Figure 1 - General View  
The NH2025-10 contains a built-in SNMP agent running on the SNMP Processor Board. This  
allows each unit to be managed from a centralized management station through any SNMP-  
compliant NMS.  
The SNMP agent software complies with the following standards:  
·
RF C 1155 The Structure of Management Information (SMI) for TCP/IP Based Internets,  
May 1990  
·
·
·
·
·
RF C 1212 The Management Information Base I (MIB I)  
RF C 1213 The Management Information Base II (MIB II), March 1991.  
RF C 1284 The Ethernet MIB  
RF C 1286 The Bridge MIB  
RF C 1757 The RMON MIB  
The NH2025-10 also supports two NBase-Xyplex private MIBs: switch.mib and gswitch.mib.  
The SNMP agent utilizes UDP/IP (RFC 768, RFC950, RFC1071 and RFC791) as OSI layers 3  
and 4 protocols, ICMP (RFC792) and ARP (RFC826) to complete the UDP/IP protocol suite.  
The UDP/IP stack implementation conforms to:  
·
·
RF C 1122 Requirements for Internet hosts - communication layers.  
RF C 1123 Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support.  
The NH2025-10 may be managed by any SNMP Manager that conforms to the above standards.  
It may be fully managed by MegaVision, NBase-Xyplexs multi-platform network management  
system. For more information on MegaVision, view our web site, or contact NBase-Xyplex for a  
data sheet.  
The NH2025-10 implements an NBase-Xyplex Enterprise MIB and an NBase-Xyplex Product  
MIB that may be provided upon request.  
1
 
 
Overview  
Applications  
A switch boosts network performance by segmenting a single large collision domain into  
smaller, separate collision domains. It also provides dedicated connections for heavily loaded  
networks using work stations and servers. In addition, the Full Duplex capability of Ethernet  
switches permits long distance connectivity for backbone applications or high throughput for  
high-performance dedicated servers. The NH2025-10 combines 10/100Mbps switched ports with  
a dport for accommodating an optional module.  
The NH2025-10 switch can connect up to twenty-four 10/100Mbps ports and with a dport for  
accommodating an optional module Figure 2 illustrates various connection possibilities: Two  
NH2025-10 switches ,with Gigabit Ethernet uplink modules, located in different buildings can  
be connected via MM or SM fiber optic cable to a Gigabit Ethernet backbone. VLAN Tagging  
allows the creation of one logical VLAN across all switches. Additional connections include  
dedicated 10/100Mbps workgroup connections and 100Mbps dedicated servers.  
Figure 2 - Typical Application Example  
NOTE: The NH2025-10 does not count as a repeater. Each of the segments connected to the  
switch can support a full Ethernet network; there can be up to four 10Base-T repeaters/hubs  
between any NH2025-10 port and any station.  
Network Management Systems  
Network management functions greatly assist in monitoring and controlling the network. The  
NH2025-10 can be monitored and controlled through MegaVision or through a generic SNMP-  
based NMS. The connection to the NH2025-10 may be achieved through Ethernet.  
To enable management of an NH2025-10 device, you must define the device and provide specific  
parameters to establish communication. The Describe window is used to define a new device or  
to change the parameters of a previously defined device.  
The NH2025-10 can also be configured and managed through the Command Line Interface.  
2
 
 
Overview  
Feature Summary  
The following are the Performance/Configuration and Management features supported on the  
NH2025-10 switch.  
Performance/Configuration  
·
24 switched 10/100Mbps ports and a dport to accommodate one of the following uplink modules:  
-
-
-
-
Single Gigabit Ethernet port (MM,SM)  
Dual Gigabit Ethernet ports (MM,SM)*  
8 10/100 auto-negotiation ports module  
2 100Base-FX ports (MM,SM)  
·
·
The highest common port speed is automatically set when connecting any standard  
compliant (802.3u Auto-negotiation) network device or station.  
Each 10/100Base port operates in half duplex mode, for shared networks, or in a dedicated  
full duplex link, running at up to 200Mbps.  
·
·
·
All ports support auto-polarity detection and correction.  
Store-and-Forward switching.  
Flow Control (IEEE 802.3x) provides effective packet loss protection under heavy load  
conditions, minimizing delays and retransmission of data, thus improving network performance.  
·
·
Supports the creation of up to 64 Virtual LANs.  
Supports the Inter-Switch VLAN tagging standard which enables the creation of multiple  
groups across the network (IEEE 802.1q).  
·
·
·
·
·
MAC address table (up to 12K unicast entries).  
Maximum wire speed throughput on all ports simultaneously.  
Supports RMON (groups 1,2,3,9), Telnet for rapid fault detection and isolation.  
Port Mirroring.  
Spanning Tree Algorithm prevents broadcast loops  
Management  
·
Fully managed through the comprehensive NBase-Xyplex MegaVision Network Management  
System, or any SNMP-based management platform.  
·
·
Extensive Command Line Interface (CLI) management provides out-of-band administration.  
Supports NBase-Xyplex's private MIB, Ethernet MIB and bridge MIB. The status of each  
port is displayed by an LED on the front panel. This LED indicates active and link status.  
3
 
 
 
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
The NH2025-10 can operate as a stand-alone unit or in conjunction with any of NBase-Xyplexs  
other Ethernet offerings. Switch management is through NBase-Xyplex MegaVision software,  
any SNMP-compatible NMS, or through the Command Line Interface (CLI).  
Installing the Unit  
This section outlines the installation and operation of the NH2025-10.  
The NH2025-10 comes as a 19” rack-mountable unit. However, it can be placed either in a rack  
mount, using the enclosed rack-mount brackets, or on a secure flat surface. Ensure that the  
unit is within reach of the necessary connections (i.e. power outlet, Ethernet connections, and if  
the NH2025-10 is monitored through the serial port, a PC, UNIX workstation, or modem). The  
unit is powered by a wide-range power supply for either 110 or 220 VAC operation.  
WARNING  
Free airflow must be maintained in order to permit adequate cooling of the unit. All FAN holes  
MUST be unobstructed.  
Rack Mounting  
If rack-mounted units are installed in a closed or multi-rack assembly, they may require further  
evaluation by certification agencies. The following items must be considered when rack  
mounting a unit:  
1. The ambient temperature within the rack may be greater than room ambient temperature,  
however the amount of airflow required for safe operation should not be compromised. The  
maximum temperature for this equipment is 50°C (122F). Consideration should be given to  
the maximum rated ambient temperature.  
2. The rack should be stable, verify that stability is not inadvertently compromised during and  
after installation.  
Front Panel  
The front panel of the NH2025-10 is illustrated below in Figure 3. The table below describes its  
various components, LED indications and their functions.  
Figure 3 - Front Panel  
5
 
 
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
1
Global LEDs  
PWR  
Green ON indicates Power ON  
MGMT  
Blinking Green indicates that the firmware is initializing  
Solid Green indicates that firmware is installed and in  
proper operational mode  
2
10/100 Port LEDs  
Solid Green indicates a valid connection. During LINK  
L
test, there is an intermittent flash on all the ports.  
A
Solid Green indicates network activity.  
One of three groups of switched Ethernet ports for  
10/100Mbps connection  
3
10/100 Base-T ports  
RS-232 connection for NMS  
4
5
DB-9 Connector  
Optional Module LEDs  
Optional  
Port/s  
Module  
6
Rear Panel  
The rear panel of the NH2025-10, which houses the power connection and ON/OFF switch, is  
illustrated in Figure 4. Two fan holes, which MUST be kept unobstructed, are located on the  
left side of the unit.  
Figure 4 - Rear Panel  
Installing Modules in the Unit  
To insure proper installation, complete the following:  
1. Power OFF the NH2025-10 switch.  
2. Carefully slide an NH2025-10 module into a free dport and press firmly to insert.  
3. Tighten the thumbscrews securely.  
4. Power ON the NH2025-10 switch. If you have a flash version lower than 1.20 and you are  
installing F/O modules, you must download a new software version to the switch so that the  
firmware recognizes the new uplinks and the modules operate correctly.  
6
 
 
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
Modules for NH 2025-10  
Figure 5 - Front Panels of the EM2003-1GE and EM2003-2FO Uplink Modules  
EM2003-1GE  
One 1000BaseLX port (SM 1500nm, .0-60km)  
EM2003-1GE  
LEDs  
Green  
Green  
ON = Link, OFF = No Link  
ON = Activity, OFF = No Activity  
L
A
Type  
Connector Wavelength Budget Estimated Attenuation Minimum  
Range  
Committed  
Power  
SX/M  
LX/M  
LX/S1  
LX/S2  
LX/S3  
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
850nm  
1310nm  
1310nm  
1550nm  
1550nm  
NA  
NA  
0–350 km  
0–500 km  
0–6 km  
3 dB/km  
2 dB/km  
-9.5 dBm  
-13 dBm  
-13 dBm  
-13 dBm  
-6 dBm  
NA  
0.5 dB/km  
0.25 dB/km  
0.25 dB/km  
8 dB  
15 dB  
0–32 km  
30–60 km  
EM2003-2FO  
Two port 100Base-FX (MM, 1310nm, 0-2, DSC).  
EM2003-2FO  
LEDs  
Green  
Green  
ON = Link, OFF = No Link  
L
ON = Activity, OFF = No Activity  
A
Type Connector Wavelength Budget Estimated  
Range  
Attenuation  
Minimum  
Committed  
Power  
M
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
DSC  
1310 nm  
1310 nm  
1310 nm  
1310 nm  
1550 nm  
9 dB  
19 dB  
17 dB  
24 dB  
24 dB  
0–2 km  
2–7 km  
2 dB/km  
2 dB/km  
-16 dBm  
-6 dBm  
-13 dBm  
-8 dBm  
-8 dBm  
MX  
S1  
S2  
S3  
0–25 km  
25–50 km  
50–100 km  
0.5 dB/km  
0.5 dB/km  
0.25 dB/km  
7
 
 
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
Figure 6 - Front Panels of the EM2003-8TP and EM2025-2GE* Modules  
EM2003-8TP  
EM2003-8TP  
Eight port 10/100Base-TX switch module  
Green  
Green  
ON = Link, OFF = No Link  
L
A
ON = Activity, OFF = No Activity  
Em2003-2GE*  
EM2003-2GE*  
Two port Gigabit 1000Base-SX (MM, 850nm, 0-350m)  
*Future release  
Green  
Green  
ON = Link, OFF = No Link  
L
A
ON = Activity, OFF = No Activity  
Connecting Power to the Unit  
The power cord should be plugged into an easily accessible outlet. A built-in power supply  
automatically adjusts to any outlet providing between 90 VAC and 264 VAC at 50/60 Hz.  
For a 115 volt configuration, the power cord to be used is minimum type SJ T (SVT) 18/3, rated  
250 Volts AC, 10 Amps with a maximum length of 15 feet. One end is terminated in an IEC 320  
attachment plug, the other in a NEMA 5-15P plug.  
The power cord to be used with a 230 Volt configuration is minimum type SJ T (SVT) 18/3, rated 250  
Volts AC, 10 Amps with a maximum length of 15 feet. One end is terminated in an IEC 320  
attachment plug. The other end is terminated as required by the country where the unit is installed.  
Utilisez uniquement un câble secteur adapté à 230 volts, de type SJT (SVT) 18/3 minimum, 250 volts AC nominal, 10  
Amps, et d’une longueur maximale de 4.5m. l’une des extrémités étant raccordée à un connecteur Type IEC320,  
tandis que l’autre extrémité correspondra aux spécifications du pays concerné.  
Das Netzkabel ist das hauptsachliche Diskonnektionsmittel, es sollte in eine leicht erreichbare steckdos gesteckt werden.  
Das Netzkabel kann mit einer 230 Volts Konfiguration verwonder werden vom typ: Minimum VDE or HAR, 3 X 1.00 mm2,  
250 VAC, 10 Amps, maximal 4.5m long. Ein Ende ontspriche dem Stecker IEC 320. Das andere Ende entspricht den  
Anfoderungen des entsprechenden Landes.  
Input Supply  
Check voltage ratings to assure there is no possibility of overloading the electrical circuits that  
could effect current overload protection and electrical wiring.  
8
 
 
Installing and Setting Up the Unit  
Grounding  
Reliable grounding of this equipment must be maintained. Particular attention should be given  
to electrical connections when connecting to a power strip, rather than direct connections to the  
electrical outlet.  
Connecting Ethernet Devices  
For optimum performance, the Ethernet segments connected to the NH2025-10 must be  
configured carefully. Generally, the segments should be configured so that machines on a given  
port communicate primarily among themselves; that is, most traffic does not need to cross the  
switch. However, this is not the best configuration for certain situations.  
Connecting Your Network  
The cable connections to the 10/100BaseTX ports can be UTP or STP Category 3 and above, and  
cable length is limited to 100 meters on each port. STP cable carries a higher quality of signal  
and is less sensitive to environmental noise.  
The RJ -45 ports of the switch are defined as MDI-X ports.  
The 10/100BaseTX ports on the NH2025-10 are designed to be connected directly to a  
workstation, using a standard straight through patch cable. In order to cascade switches or  
connect a hub to the switch, a crossover cable must be used.  
Figure 7 - Straight Cable Connection Between a NH2025-10 and a Workstation  
Figure 8 - Crossover Cable Connection Between an NH2025-10 and a Hub  
9
 
 
 
Getting Started  
This section describes how to connect to the management port, log into the Command Line  
Interface, and set the units IP Address.  
Connecting to the Management Port  
With the product we supply a management cable. You can use it to get access to the  
management port.  
To configure the serial ports do the following items:  
1. Connect the cable provided to the management port and communication interface (COM1 or  
COM2) of your PC.  
2. Start Windows HyperTerminal and create a new connection with the property set to 9600  
bit per second, 8 bits per character and no flow control.  
3. Start HyperTerminal session and then type Enter to get the login prompt.  
Logging Into the Command Line Interface  
The Command Line Interface is protected with a login name and password.  
To access the CLI the Network Administrator has to provide his name and a password.  
Example  
Please Login  
username: don  
password: (not echoed)  
The factory default password is a null string. To log in just press the Enter key. Once you are  
logged into the CLI, you may change the password in order to avoid unauthorized access.  
Setting the IP Address  
To manage the MegaSwitch using an SNMP Network Management Application or to use the  
ping command to test the switch, it is necessary to assign an IP Address, a netmask and a  
broadcast address. The Network Administrator should assign the IP address in accordance with  
the existing IP addressing scheme.  
Set the IP configuration using the set-ip-cfgcommand.  
Example  
SYS_console> set-ip-cfg 192.1.1.64 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.255  
11  
 
 
Getting Started  
NOTE: If the switch has no IP Address, then the provided IP Configuration changes the  
running parameters as well as the NVRAM-based database. If the switch was already  
configured, the command only changes the NVRAM database. Therefore, to use the new  
parameters you should reset the Switch, using the warm-resetcommand.  
You can also use the set-ipcommand to accomplish this. When you do, the mask and broadcast  
are automatically set to defaults according to the IP address class.  
Example  
SYS_console> set-ip 192.1.1.64  
Verifying the Installation  
After the installation is complete and the IP Address configured, use the Ping utility to test  
the connectivity.  
The ping command sends an echo request to the host specified in the command line. For  
example, to test connectivity from the Switch to a workstation with an IP Address of 192.1.1.1,  
use the following command:  
SYS_console> ping 192.1.1.1 100  
Accessing the Command Line Interface Remotely  
When the switch has an IP address, the administrative interface can be accessed remotely  
through Telnet. All commands work exactly as if the serial interface were being used. Please  
note that only one console session may be active at any given time. This means that after the  
first Telnet session is established, all other Telnet connections are refused until the current  
session is closed.  
12  
 
 
Using the Command Line Interface  
This section describes how to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to configure and manage  
the NH2025-10 switch.  
Command Conventions  
The following conventions are used within this guide to make understanding and using the  
CLI easier.  
Command Items appearing in this typeface are to be typed as shown.  
Italics  
Italicized items are variables and represent values. For example, <IPaddress>  
represents an IP address in dotted decimal notation as 123.1.2.3.  
{ } |  
Items in { } and separated by | represent alternatives for the argument. For example:  
get-comm {read|write|*}  
means you can type one of the following:  
get-comm read  
get-comm write  
get-comm *  
Command Line Help  
The CLI provides command line help to ease in the entering of commands correctly. The  
following command line help is available:  
·
·
·
·
Command parameter Help  
Command group Help  
Command wildcard Help  
Command history  
Getting Command Parameter Help  
To get an explanation of a commands parameters add a question mark (?) after the command  
name. For example:  
SYS_console> ping ?  
The unit displays the available parameters for the pingcommand:  
ping IP traffic generator  
[arg #0] destination IP address  
[arg #1] number of packets to send or 0 for endless ping  
SYS_console> ping _  
Note that the command is reprinted after the prompt. You can add the necessary parameters  
here. If a question mark is added after the first parameter, then the same explanation is  
provided, and the previous command, including the provided parameters, is redisplayed.  
13  
 
 
Using the Command Line Interface  
Example  
SYS_console> ping 129.1.1.7 ?  
The unit displays the next level of parameters:  
ping IP traffic generator  
[arg #0] destination IP address  
[arg #1] number of packets to send or 0 for endless ping  
SYS_console> ping 129.1.1.7  
Getting Command Group Help  
To find out the command groups that are available within the unit, enter a question mark at the  
CLI prompt. The CLI displays a list of all of the available command groups and a short  
explanation of each.  
Example  
SYS_telnet>?  
Commands groups are:  
-----------------------  
console  
system  
ip  
Console related commands  
System related commands  
IP related commands  
snmp  
SNMP related commands  
switch-db  
vlan  
Switching Database related commands  
Virtual LANS related commands  
EtherChannel Commands  
echannel  
port-cfg  
statistics  
sp-tree  
Port Configuration related commands  
Switching Statistics related commands  
Spanning Tree related commands  
-----------------------------------------------------------------  
use ! for previous cmd, ^U to clear line, ^W to clear previous word  
-----------------------------------------------------------------  
Entering a group name from this list displays a list of the commands under that group.  
Using Command Wildcards  
The CLI allows you to use the question mark <?> as a wildcard when you are unsure of a  
command. To use the wildcard, place the question mark immediately after the command you  
are looking for.  
NOTE: You can type all or just a portion of the command followed by the question mark and the  
CLI returns all commands that start with that string.  
14  
 
 
Using the Command Line Interface  
Example  
SYS_console>get-c?  
command ‘get-c’ not found  
Commands matching <get-c>  
get-comm show current read or/and write community  
get-con-matrix retrieves the VLAN connectivity matrix  
get-colls-cnt gets the collision distribution counters per port  
SYS_console>get-co  
Retrieving Command History  
The CLI allows you to retrieve a history of the last commands you have issued. Use the  
following keys to retrieve commands:  
<!> or Ctrl/P  
Ctrl/W  
Retrieves the last command in the command history.  
Deletes the previous word.  
Ctrl/U  
Erases the entire current line.  
<Tab>  
Completes the command when a partial unique command is provided.  
NOTE: If after entering a key sequence, more than one screen-full of text is to be printed, you  
can continue to scroll through the text by hitting any key or you can stop the process by hitting  
the Esc key.  
SYS_console>system  
System related commands  
---------------------------------------------------------  
sys-stat  
show system status  
get-stst-level  
set-stst-level  
warm-reset  
cold-reset  
get-last-err  
init-nvram  
get-sw-file  
set-sw-file  
get-tftp-srvr  
set-tftp-srvr  
set-tftp-mode  
get-tftp-mode  
sw-dnld  
show the selftest level  
change the selftest level  
warm reset of the device  
cold reset of the device  
displays information about the last fatal error  
initialize NVRAM to default values  
retrieves the SNMP Agent Software file name  
sets the SNMP Agent Software file name - for download  
retrieves the TFTP download server IP address  
sets the TFTP download server IP address  
sets the TFTP download mode  
retrieves the TFTP download mode  
software download BY TFTP  
set-fg-param  
start-fg  
sets the Ethernet frame generator parameters  
starts the Ethernet frame generator  
stop the Ethernet frame generator  
stop-fg  
15  
 
 
Using the Command Line Interface  
Command Line Errors  
The CLI displays messages when you enter a command incorrectly. The following command  
line error messages are used:  
·
·
Nonexistent command  
Incorrect number of parameters  
Nonexistent Command  
If you enter a command incorrectly or if the command does not exist, the CLI returns an error  
message indicating the type of error that occurred.  
Example  
SYS_console> pin  
command ‘pin’ not found  
Incorrect Number of Parameters  
If you enter a command correctly but the number of parameters is incorrect, the following  
message is displayed:  
SYS_console> ping  
too few arguments  
16  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
You can configure, modify, and monitor the unit using the following categories of commands:  
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Console  
System  
IP configuration  
SNMP Agent  
Switching database and database entry management  
Virtual LAN  
EtherChannel  
Port Configuration  
Switching Statistics  
Spanning Tree  
Refer to Appendix A for a quick reference of the available commands.  
Console Commands  
Console commands allow you to configure the CLI parameters and user interface. To view the  
console commands, enter console at the CLI prompt. The following are the available  
console commands.  
help-kbd  
This command lists the console function keys.  
Example  
SYS_console>help-kbd  
---------------------------------------------------------  
Ctrl/U (or Escape)  
Ctrl/W  
clears the current line.  
clears the previous word.  
presents the previous command.  
completes command.  
! or Ctrl/P  
TAB  
? or help  
presents help. Depending on position:  
in 1st column, list of the categories.  
in command, list of completed commands that start with the presented  
string.  
in parameters, lists of the  
parameters.  
# - with line number Repeats command from history,  
For example: #26 Presents help for line 26.  
Without line number Shows entire history list.  
--------------------------------------------------------  
17  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
banner  
The banner command displays the Nbase-Xyplex CLI logo.  
clear  
The clear command clears the screen and displays the CLI prompt.  
login  
The login command exits the CLI, but does not disconnect a Telnet session. This allows you to  
test a password (or other activity) without reconnecting.  
logout  
The logout command ends the actual CLI Session. To use the CLI, you must login again.  
set-page  
The set-page command sets the console page size (in lines per page). Valid values in lines are 5  
to 127. The value of 0 means no paging. The default value is 21.  
set-prompt  
The set-prompt command allows you to set a new command line prompt for the CLI. This can  
be a more meaningful prompt, such as the location of a switch, or the name of a workgroup. The  
default prompt is SYS_console>. To change the prompt, use the following command:  
set-prompt <new_prompt>  
Example  
SYS_console> set-prompt R&D_grp>  
R&D_grp> _  
set-attr-prompt  
The set-attr-prompt command sets the prompt attributes. To set the prompt attributes, use the  
following command:  
set-attr-prompt <number of option>  
[arg #0] options: 0-normal, 1-bold, 2-underline, 4-blink, 8-reverse  
set-attr-msg  
The set-attr-msg command allows you to define how the display message appears. To define  
how messages appear, use the following command:  
set-attr-msg <number of option>  
[arg #0] options: 0-normal, 1-bold, 2-underline, 4-blink, 8-reverse  
set-attr-text  
The set-attr-text command sets the text display attributes. To define how text appears, use the  
following command:  
set-attr-text <number of option>  
[arg #0] options: 0-normal,1-bold,2-underline,4-blink,8-reverse  
18  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
set-passwd  
The console requires you enter a password to log in. The set-passwd command allows you to  
change the console password. To change the console password:  
1. Enter the set-passwd command at the CLI prompt. The system prompts you for the  
old password.  
2. Enter the old password. The system prompts you for a new password.  
3. Enter your new password. Note that the password is not echoed back to you. The system  
prompts you to reenter the new password.  
4. Reenter the new password.  
The following examples show an unsuccessful and successful password change.  
SYS_console>set-passwd  
Enter old password:  
Enter new password:  
Enter new password again:  
Error: different new passwords  
If the password change succeeds, the system responds as follows:  
SYS_console>set-passwd  
Enter old password:  
Enter new password:  
Enter new password again:  
CLI running password changed  
CLI password change in the NVRAM OK  
19  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
System Commands  
System Commands allow you to display and set the system-related parameters. To view the  
system commands, enter system at the CLI prompt. The following are the available  
system commands.  
sys-stat  
The sys-stat command displays general status information about the Ethernet Switch, and its  
SNMP Agent Hardware and Software.  
Example  
SYS_console>sys-stat  
NBase-Xyplex Nh2025-10 Version 1.08  
Mon Apr 26 16:09:47 1999  
SNMP Object ID is : < 1.3.6.1.4.1.629.16.2.1 >  
System MAC Address  
Switching Data Base Size: 12288 entries  
Number of ports : 25  
Total uptime(hundredths of seconds ):  
: 00-20-1a-00-a7-5a  
700  
Total uptime(days, hh:mm:ss format): 0 days, 0:00:07.00  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
i/f  
1 : description [Port 1 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
2 : description [Port 2 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
3 : description [Port 3 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
4 : description [Port 4 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
5 : description [Port 5 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
6 : description [Port 6 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
7 : description [Port 7 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
8 : description [Port 8 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
9 : description [Port 9 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
10 : description [Port 10 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
11 : description [Port 11 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
12 : description [Port 12 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
13 : description [Port 13 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
14 : description [Port 14 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
15 : description [Port 15 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
16 : description [Port 16 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
17 : description [Port 17 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
18 : description [Port 18 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
19 : description [Port 19 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
20 : description [Port 20 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
21 : description [Port 21 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
22 : description [Port 22 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
23 : description [Port 23 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
24 : description [Port 24 - 10/100 BaseTx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
25 : description [Port 25 - 1000  
SYS_console>  
BaseFx ETHERNET Port] : status [UP]  
This screen displays the following information:  
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Device name and type  
SNMP Agent software version and release date  
Device SNMP object ID  
Device MAC address  
Switching database size  
Number of ports  
System uptime in 1/100 sec as well as in days, hours, minutes, seconds  
Interfaces description and status  
20  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
get-stst-level  
The get-stst-levelcommand displays the self-test level (Disable or Enable) of the device. The  
default value is Enable.  
set-stst-level  
The set-stst-levelcommand sets the self-test level of the device. There are two levels of  
self-test: Disable and Enable. The self-test level is stored in NVRAM. To set the self-test level,  
use the following command:  
set-stst-level <level>  
warm-reset  
The warm-resetcommand resets the SNMP Agent software. The Switch configuration is  
changed according to the values stored in the NVRAM. This command permits you to  
refresh the Switch configuration after a change of the NVRAM parameters. The statistics  
counters are also reset by the warm-reset command.  
cold-reset  
The cold-resetcommand causes the switch to cold-reset. Cold reset is equivalent to power  
cycling the switch.  
get-last-err  
The get-last-errcommand retrieves the most recent system failure information.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-last-err  
System information since the last hardware reset  
------------------------------------------------  
Software resets number : 0  
Fatal error text  
Fatal error uptime  
SYS_console>  
:
: 0 days, 0:15:36.00  
NOTE: The Software resets number” value is the number of executed warm resets” commands  
issued after the last cold reset.”  
init-nvram  
The init-nvramcommand resets the non-volatile RAM on the SNMP Agent to default  
values. The reset takes effect after you reboot (warm or cold reset) the unit.  
get-sw-file  
The get-sw-filecommand retrieves the SNMP Agent Software file name.  
set-sw-file  
The set-sw-filecommand sets the name of the file downloaded by TFTP. This name must  
match the name of the agent software file on the TFTP server. To set the software file, use the  
following command:  
set-sw-file <filename>  
21  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
get-tftp-srvr  
The get-tftp-srvrcommand retrieves the IP address of the TFTP server that the Agent  
uses to download software. Refer to the sw-dnld command for further information.  
set-tftp-srvr  
The set-tftp-srvrcommand sets the IP address of the TFTP server used for  
downloading. To set the IP address of the TFTP server, use the following command:  
set-tftp-srvr <IP address>  
set-tftp-mode  
The set-tftp-modecommand sets the TFTP download mode. To set the TFTP download  
mode, use the following command:  
set-tftp-mode {client|server}  
Upgrading the products software can be done in two different ways,  
1. Download from computer to the unit initiated from the unit itself with the appropriate  
command (sw-dnld),  
The unit acts as a client consuming from the computer, so a TFTP daemon should be  
started into the computer, and TFTP mode should be set to clien t in the unit.  
2. Upload from the computer to the unit initiated from the computer itself,  
The units acts as a server offering a TFTP service to the computer, so the computer  
should use a TFTP client to upload the software into the unit that should be set to  
ser ver mode.  
get-tftp-mode  
The get-tftp-modecommand retrieves the TFTP download mode. This command requires  
no argument.  
sw-dnld  
The sw-dnldcommand starts the software download process from the remote TFTP server  
specified by the set-tftp-srvr command, retrieving the file specified by the set-sw-file  
command. The progress of the process appears under the form of a dot displayed at regular  
interval. Once the download is finished the software is copied into the non-volatile RAM then  
the equipment reboots.  
22  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
IP Commands  
This section lists the IP Configuration commands available at the CLI. It is separated into the  
following command sections:  
·
·
·
IP configuration  
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)  
Bootp  
·
Ping  
To view the IP commands, enter IP at the CLI prompt. The following are the available  
IP commands.  
IP Configuration  
get-ip  
The get-ipcommand shows the devices current IP address, if any. The following are  
examples with no IP configuration and an IP configuration defined.  
·
·
No IP Configuration defined:  
SYS_console> get-ip  
The device has no IP Address defined  
SYS_console>  
IP Configuration defined:  
SYS_console> get-ip  
The device IP address is: 194.090.136.187  
SYS_console>  
get-ip-cfg  
The get-ip-cfgcommand shows the complete current IP configuration, that is, the address,  
network mask and broadcast address. The following are examples with no IP configuration and  
an IP configuration defined.  
·
·
No address defined:  
SYS_console> get-ip-cfg  
The device has no IP Address defined  
SYS_console>  
IP Configuration defined:  
SYS_console> get-ip-cfg  
The device IP address, netmask and broadcast are:  
IP address : 194.090.136.187  
IP netmask : 255.255.255.000  
IP broadcast : 255.255.255.255  
23  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Setting an IP address  
set-ip  
The set-ipcommand sets the IP address of the SNMP Agent. If no IP address was previously  
set (as is the factory default configuration), the new value is used immediately and saved into  
NVRAM. Otherwise the new value is only stored in the NVRAM, and the user must execute a  
warm-resetto effect the change.  
set-ip <IP address>  
set-ip-cfg  
The set-ip-cfgcommand sets the IP address, network IP mask, and broadcast IP address. If  
no IP configuration was previously set (as is the default factory configuration), the new values  
are used immediately and saved into NVRAM. If a previous IP configuration was being used,  
the new configuration is saved in NVRAM. In order to use the newly defined values  
immediately, reset the system using the warm-resetcommand.  
set-ip-cfg <IP address> <netmask> <broadcast>  
NOTE: If the IP configuration is not specified, the agent does not respond to any in-band  
requests, including ping messages. The following are examples with no IP configuration and an  
IP configuration defined.  
·
No IP Configuration defined:  
SYS_console>set-ip-cfg 194.90.136.187 255 255.255.0 255.255.255.255  
Device IP Address set for this session  
Device IP Address change in the NVRAM OK  
The device NVRAM IP configuration will be:  
IP address : 194.090.136.187  
IP netmask : 255.255.255.000  
IP broadcast : 255.255.255.255  
SYS_console>  
·
IP Configuration defined:  
SYS_console>set-ip-cfg 194.90.136.187 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.255  
Device IP address unchanged for this session  
Device IP Address change in the NVRAM OK  
The device NVRAM IP configuration will be:  
IP address : 194.090.136.187  
IP netmask : 255.255.255.000  
IP broadcast : 255.255.255.255  
SYS_console>  
Perform a warm-resetto use the newly defined parameters.  
24  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Erasing an IP Configuration  
clear-ip-cfg  
The clear-ip-cfgcommand clears the NVRAM IP configuration.  
Example  
SYS_console>clear-ip-cfg  
Device IP Configuration cleared  
SYS_console>  
Configuring a Gateway  
get-gatew  
The get-gatewcommand shows the default gateway address.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-gatew  
The default gateway address is : 194.001.001.001  
SYS_console>  
set-gatew  
The get-gatewcommand sets the default gateway IP Address. This command lets you specify  
the address of the router used to access a different IP network. The default value for the default  
gateway IP address is 0.0.0.0  
set-gatew <IP address>  
Example  
SYS_console>set-gatew 194.90.136.254  
Device Default Gateway change in the NVRAM OK  
Device Default Gateway changed to : 194.90.136.254  
SYS_console>  
Bootp Configuration  
The bootp feature allows the unit to get its IP address from a bootp server that is properly  
configured. Bootp options supported include:  
·
·
·
Software filename (bf parameter)  
Unit IP address (ip parameter)  
TFTP server IP address (the IP address of the bootp server itself)  
NOTE: Bootp is not part of the boot PROM in version 1.08 of the boot program, therefor NBase-  
Xyplex recommends you disable the bootp feature and manually set an IP address with the  
related commands before updating the image file.  
25  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
To activate/deactivate bootp use the following commands:  
set-bootpEnables or disables the bootp process activation.  
get-bootp— Retrieves the state of the bootp process.  
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)  
To view the ARP commands, enter ARP at the CLI prompt. The following are the available  
ARP commands.  
get-arp-tbl  
The get-arp-tblcommand displays the ARP table. The ARP table contains information  
relating IP addresses to MAC addresses and interface numbers. It also shows the TTL (Time-  
To-Live) value for each entry.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-arp-tbl  
If Ip  
MAC  
TTL  
=============================================  
01 194.090.136.254 08-00-87-1d-9b-32  
01 194.090.136.010 00-20-1a-01-3f-18  
01 194.090.136.028 08-00-09-9d-5e-30  
SYS_console>  
1200  
1200  
900  
del-arp-entry  
The del-arp-entrycommand deletes entries from the ARP table. If an IP address is specified,  
the matching arp entry is deleted. If * is specified, the entire ARP table is flushed. This  
command should be used if the network topology has physically changed, e.g. if a management  
station has been moved from one segment to another, thus changing its interface number.  
del-arp-entry {<IP address>|*}  
add-arp-entry  
The add-arp-entrycommand adds an entry to the ARP table.  
add-arp-entry <IP address> <mac_address> <Interface>  
Example  
SYS_console>add-arp-entry 194.90.136.133 00-11-22-33-44-55 1  
ARP Table Entry successfully added  
SYS_console>  
26  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
get-arp-stats  
The get-arp-statscommand gets ARP statistics.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-arp-stats  
InMsgs:  
: 0  
: 0  
: 0  
InErrors  
InIllegals  
InBadOpcode : 0  
InRequests  
InReplies  
: 0  
: 0  
InReqNotForMe : 0  
OutMsgs  
: 0  
: 0  
OutErrors  
OutRequests : 0  
OutReplies : 0  
ResolveReqs : 0  
SYS_console>  
Port configuration  
This section contains commands for configuring and displaying the ports’ parameters with the  
Administrative Interface. To view the port commands, enter port-cfg at the CLI prompt. The  
following are the available port commands.  
Displaying the Port Configuration  
To view the current port configuration, enter the following command:  
get-port-cfg {<dport> pipe all}  
Example  
SYS_console>get-port-cfg  
PORT_ID LAN_TYPE  
LINK IF_TYPE SPEED_SEL LAN_SPEED FDPLX FCNTRL ENABLE  
==============================================================================  
1
2
3
4
ETH10/100  
ETH10/100  
ETH10/100  
ETH10/100  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
TP  
TP  
TP  
TP  
AUTO  
AUTO  
AUTO  
AUTO  
.
Not Set  
Not Set  
Not Set  
Not Set  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
.
.
22  
23  
24  
25  
ETH10/100  
ETH10/100  
ETH10/100  
ETH1000  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
OFF  
TP  
TP  
TP  
FO  
AUTO  
AUTO  
AUTO  
FORC1000  
Not Set  
Not Set  
Not Set  
1000Mbps  
N/A  
N/A  
N/A  
ON  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
DISABLED ON  
SYS_console>  
27  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
·
·
PORT_ID: An interface number specified in the form of 1-25 (dport).  
LAN_TYPE:  
-
-
ETH-10/100  
ETH1000 indicates Gigabit Ethernet  
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
LINK: ON/OFF if ON a device is connected to the port and the link is UP  
IF TYPE: TP (twisted pair)/FO (fiber optic)  
SPEED_SEL: AUTO/FORC10/100/1000  
LAN_SPEED: The actual speed that has been negotiated between the entities.  
FDPLX: OFF = Standard Ethernet (default), ON = Full Duplex  
FCNTRL: DISABLED/ENABLED  
ENABLE: ON = port is enabled (default), OFF = port is disabled  
Setting the port configuration  
set-port-cfg  
The set-port-cfgcommand selects the speed (10/100/auto-neg) and duplex mode (half/full).  
set-port-cfg <port-number> <speed> <mode>  
[arg #0] port index in format <dport>  
[arg #1] enter either {auto|100|10}  
opt.[arg #2] enter either {half|full}; default : half  
Example  
SYS_console>set-port-cfg 100 half  
set-port-state  
The set-port-statecommand is used to enable or disable a port when the Spanning Tree  
algorithm is not running.  
set-port-state<port number > {enable|disable}  
opt. [arg #0] port index in format <dport>; default:all  
opt. [arg #1] enter either {enable|disable}; default:enable  
Example  
sys_console>set-port-state 2 enable  
28  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Setting the flow control  
Ports are compliant to flow control specifications 802.3x or back-pressure.  
You can set a port to perform flow control only if this port is in full duplex mode otherwise back-  
pressure is applied to control the incoming flow of data.  
When the port is configured to do 802.3z flow control the switching engine sends a continuous  
flow of idle frames to avoid dead locks.  
If the port applies back-pressure the mechanism is slightly different in the sense that instead of  
sending idle frames the switching engine sends a collision signal.  
get-fctrl  
The get-fctrlcommand displays the status of the flow control function.  
get-fctrl <database> <port-number>  
opt.[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}; default : run  
opt.[arg #1] port index in format <dport>;default: all  
get-fctrl nvram  
SYS_console>get-fctrl ?  
Example  
get-fctrl  
gets the port flow control request: enable or disable  
opt.[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}; default : run  
opt.[arg #1] port number - 1..25; default : all  
SYS_console>  
set-fctrl  
The set-fctrlcommand sets a ports flow control mode.  
SYS_console>set-fctrl ?  
set-fctrl  
sets the port flow control: enable or disable  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] port number - 1..25  
opt.[arg #2] enter either {enable|disable}; default : enable  
29  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
EtherChannel  
The EtherChannel feature is also known under the name of Port Trunking. It allows equipment  
to pass data through multiple physical links. Providing an extended bandwidth and redundancy.  
NOTE: If you want to use this feature in conjunction with VLAN be aware that you must  
set exactly the same VLAN configuration for each physical link that belongs to the  
EtherChannel group.  
Also, before proceeding to the configuration of trunking ports you should be aware of the  
following considerations:  
1. You cannot mix different media types (for example, optical and copper) in the same group.  
2. You cannot declare more than 8 ports in a group.  
3. You should declare groups with ports belonging to the same switching engine. You may  
declare a group using ports 1 to 8, or port 9 to 17 or port 18 to 24 or port 25 and 26.  
NOTE: The EM2025-2GE module does not support EtherChannel groups.  
Getting the EtherChannel Configuration  
get-ec-tbl  
The get-ec-tblcommand retrieves the EtherChannel configuration.  
get-ec-tbl {run|nvram|all}  
Example  
SYS_telnet>get-ec-tbl run  
Ethernet Channel Table from RUN database  
===========================================  
Ether-Channel-ID  
===========================================  
23 24  
Ports  
1
Setting the EtherChannel Configuration  
new-ec  
The new-eccommand sets the EtherChannel port configuration. EtherChannel allows the  
switch to split the traffic between two or more links.  
new-ec  
Create a new EtherChannel  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] Ports - ports list in format: d1-...-dn  
30  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
SYS_telnet>new-ec run 23-24  
RUN:OK  
Ethernet Channel Table from RUN database  
===========================================  
Ether-Channel-ID  
===========================================  
23 24  
Ports  
1
Deleting the EtherChannel Configuration  
del-ec  
The del-ec command deletes the trunk port configuration.  
del-ec  
Remove an EtherChannel  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram}  
[arg #1] EtherChannel index (from get-ec-tbl)  
Port Priority  
Consider the following when setting the Port Priority:  
·
Internal Use – The priority is used internally, the switch accepts frames coming from the  
port with the highest priority.  
·
External Use – Port Priority conforms to IEEE 802.1P standard and provides a priority  
scale from 1 to 8. The higher the value, the higher priority applied to the frame.  
This priority is embedded into the tag header, as defined in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.  
This can be set on a port or to a VLAN. To do this, you need to set the vlan-mode to tagged  
and then specify the ports connecting the switch to the others to trunk with the command  
set-tag-outbound-mode. Refer to the VLAN and Port Configuration sections of this guide  
for further information.  
Set Port Priority  
The set-port-prioritycommand is used when a specific machine, or group of systems  
connected to a particular port, need to have their frames sent at a different level of priority than  
the other.  
set-priority-port-cfg  
sets the priority of a port  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
opt.[arg #1] port number - 1..25; default : all  
opt.[arg #2] port priority 1..8 (1..4 - low, 5..8 - high); default : 1  
Example  
SYS_telnet>set-priority-port-cfg run 1 8  
The Port Priority was changed for port 1  
31  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Get Port Priority  
get-priority-port-cfg  
The get-priority-port-cfgcommand retrieves the port priority configuration.  
Example  
SYS_telnet>get-priority-port-cfg  
Ports Priority Configuration :  
1- 8  
2- 1  
3- 1  
4- 1  
5- 1  
6- 1  
7- 1  
8- 1  
9- 1 10- 1 11- 1 12- 1 13- 1 14- 1 15- 1 16- 1  
17- 1 18- 1 19- 1 20- 1 21- 1 22- 1 23- 1 24- 1  
VLAN Priority  
The vlan-prio-modify command applies to the components of that VLAN. This is a means  
to provide priority to a specific VLAN.  
vlan-prio-modify {run|nvram}  
[arg #1] VLAN index (from get-vlan-tbl  
[arg #2] VLAN priority 1..8 (1..4 - low, 5..8 - high)  
Example  
SYS_console>vlan-prio-modify run 1 8  
Set Runtime VLAN Tag Domain entry Ports 8 -  
Modifying the Switch Policy  
The switch policy determines the default behavior of the switch when no priority is declared.  
The set-priority-policycommand is useful when there is not a real need to set a  
particular port or VLAN to a different priority level. The default policy value is 2, which  
corresponds to a low priority.  
If you want this switch to have a higher policy you can define a different level from 1 to 4.  
set-priority-policy {run|nvram|all}  
opt.[arg #1] priority policy 1..4, default: 2  
Example  
SYS_console>set-priority-policy run 1  
Set Runtime Priority Policy 1 -  
OK  
SYS_console>get-priority-policy run  
Runtime Priority Policy is 1  
SYS_console>  
32  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)  
The switch software supports IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which ensures the  
existence of a loop-free topology in networks that contain any arrangement of devices.  
STP produces a logical tree topology to ensure that a single path exists between any two end  
stations on an interconnected network. STP also provides a high degree of fault tolerance. It  
allows the network to automatically reconfigure the spanning tree topology if there is a bridge  
or data-path failure.  
Multiple paths to a destination can be good, as in the case of using secondary paths to provide  
redundant links in the event of problems with the primary link. It can also lead to bad network  
performance when problems arise from having more than one path. STP allows for redundancy  
without the performance problems.  
How the STP Topology Stabilizes  
The switch software incorporates the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent the  
duplication of paths in an interconnected network.  
1. When a switch, with STP enabled, starts up, it assumes that it is the  
Root Bridge and puts all of its external ports into listening” mode. The switch then  
sends a configuration BPDU listing its bridge ID as being the Root Bridge ID (MAC  
address and priority) on all its external ports.  
2. As each switch port receives a configuration BPDU, the switch compares the Root Bridge  
information in the BPDU to its current Root Bridge information. If the bridge priority or  
MAC address Root Bridge information in the BPDU supersedes the switchs current Root  
Bridge information, the switch sets the new Root Bridge ID and configuration  
information as current and sets the root interface. The switch then adds it own pathcost  
to the Root Bridge pathcost and resends this information on its external ports.  
If the root information received by the port does not supersede the current bridge  
information, the port compares the bridge ID in the message to its own bridge ID. If the  
root information received by the port supersedes the current bridge information, the  
port makes the received bridge ID as the designated bridge.  
3. When the forwarding delay time expires, the switch checks the status of each interface.  
If the switch interface is either the root interface or a designated bridge for the  
interface, the port is set to forwarding. Otherwise it is blocked.  
4. Periodically, the Root Bridge sends a Hello BPDU out on all of its external ports. If a  
switch does not receive a Hello BPDU from the Root Bridge, within the period of time  
specified by the Maximum Age Timer, the switch assumes that the network is  
reconfiguring and STP starts again.  
33  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Spanning Tree Parameters  
Normally, each switch or bridge in a network participates in STP. The units work together as  
peers to determine which links are to forward packets between LANs, and which links are to be  
blocked. Links that forward packets are chosen based on which link has the lowest pathcost  
and priority. Redundant paths are blocked, unless another link which is a forwarding link is  
deactivated, at which the blocked link will then go into a forwarding state.  
NOTE: NBase-Xyplex switches are compatible with STP software that conforms to the IEEE  
802.1D specification. They are not compatible with other STP versions that do not conform to  
this specification (for example, the DEC STP implementation). If you install a NH2025-10  
switch in a network where other devices are using non-conforming (i.e., not 802.1D) STP, you  
must make sure that no loops exist in the network topology.  
Root Bridge  
Units that participate in STP compete to be the Root Bridge of the switched network. At start-  
up, each unit broadcasts an STP message called a Configuration Bridge Protocol Data Unit  
(Configuration BPDU) through each of its interfaces, announcing its bridge ID, including its  
priority value and MAC address. The unit with the lowest priority value is recognized as the  
Root Bridge. In the event of a tie, the unit with the lowest MAC address becomes the Root.  
After the STP topology stabilizes, Hello BPDUs are periodically sent by the Root bridge and are  
propagated down the Spanning Tree by other bridges in the switched network. Each bridge  
adds its own pathcost before forwarding.  
Manually Designating a Root Bridge  
By assigning priority values to the switches in your network, you can designate which unit is to  
be the Root Bridge, which is to be the 1st backup Root Bridge, 2nd backup Root Bridge, etc.  
There are no rules for selecting a Root Bridge. However, most commonly the Root is located in  
the middle of the network or at the corporate data center. For instructions on assigning Priority  
values, refer to the Spanning Tree Commands section.  
Selecting a Designated Switch/Bridge  
When a LAN has multiple switches connecting it to a remote LAN, the units compete to  
determine which can provide the best service to the LAN. The units that can provide the best  
service is recognized as the Designated Switch/Bridge for the LAN. Other units provide  
standby connections.  
34  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Topology Change Notification BPDU  
A non-Root interface sends a Topology Change Notification BPDU (TCN BPDU) over its Root  
interface any time it believes that the network topology has changed.  
The following circumstances can cause this to happen:  
·
·
·
A Root interface gives up its Root status and the topology state is changing.  
A switch receives a TCN BPDU from another unit via a non-Root interface.  
An interface's state changes (it enters the Forwarding state). When a Root interface  
receives a TCN BPDU, it sets a Topology Changing flag in its Hello BPDU for an interval  
that is twice the length of the Forward Timer. When a non-Root interface receives a Hello  
BPDU with this flag set, it quickly ages its dynamic filter s so that it can relearn its filters  
based on the new topology.  
Using STP to Manage Redundant Links  
Multiple switches can be connected to form a larger switched network, without using STP the  
connections between the switches would form a loop. STP should be used to block one of the  
connections. If the primary connection fails for some reason, STP reconfigures the topology and  
direct all inter-switches traffic on the redundant link.  
Spanning Tree and VLAN restrictions  
If you want to use STP and VLAN you should know how the implementation of STP in our  
products operates. One instance of STP runs in the management VLAN. So the consequence is  
that STP does not resolve loop in VLAN to which it does not belong. If you want to use the  
redundancy facility you should use Trunking/EtherChannel feature instead.  
Spanning Tree Commands  
To view the Spanning Tree commands, enter sp-tree at the CLI prompt. The following are the  
available port commands.  
Enabling/Disabling STP  
set-stp enable  
Enabling or disabling Spanning Tree does not take effect until the SNMP agent is reset, via  
warm-reset, cold-resetor a power cycle. The default is disabled.  
get-stp  
The get-stpcommand retrieves the current state of Spanning Tree.  
Example  
SYS_console> get-stp  
Running spanning tree engine is disable  
Next session of the Spanning Tree engine will be disabled.  
SYS_console>  
35  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Viewing Bridge Parameters  
get-st-bcfg  
For determining Root in a spanning tree network, the MAC address is a tie breaker when priority  
values for devices are equal. In this case, the unit with the lowest MAC address becomes the root.  
For NH 2025-10 products, the lowest numbered switch has the lowest MAC address.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-st-bcfg  
802.1D SPANNING TREE BRIDGE INFO  
==================================  
Designated Root  
Bridge Priority  
Root Cost  
: 0100-0800-870e-0742  
: 32768 ( 0x00008000 )  
:
10  
Root Port  
: 1.02  
Max Age  
Hello Time  
Hold Time  
Forward Delay  
Bridge Max Age  
Bridge Hello Time  
:
:
:
:
:
:
20  
2
1
15  
20  
2
Bridge Forward Delay :  
15  
------ The time units are seconds  
SYS_console>  
Configuring the Bridge  
Mod ifyin g th e d esign a ted r oot: set-br-prio  
By modifying the bridge priority you are able to choose which component becomes the Root  
Bridge in your network. Decrease the priority to a value below the lowest priority you can see in  
the other switches if you want this bridge to be the Root Bridge.  
set-br-prio <priority>  
The priority value is an integer in the range 0..65535. The default value is 32768.  
Example  
SYS_telnet>set-br-prio 32768  
The Bridge Priority was changed  
SYS_console>  
Ma x Age: set-br-maxage  
The set-br-maxagecommand sets amount of time between Spanning Tree configuration  
messages.  
set-br-maxage <maxage>  
The maxagevalue is displayed in seconds with the range of 6..40. The default value is 20.  
36  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Hello Tim e: set-br-hellot  
The set-br-hellot command sets the Spanning Tree bridges hello time.  
set-br-hellot <hello_time>  
The hello_timeis an integer in the range 1..10, displayed in seconds. The default value is 2.  
F or w a r d d ela y: set-br-fwdel  
The set-br-fwdel command sets the Spanning Tree Bridge Forward Delay, which controls  
the amount of time between the listening and forwarding states of a port.  
set-br-fwdel <forward_delay>  
The forward_delay value is an integer displayed in seconds in the range 4..30. The default  
value is 15.  
Viewing the Port Configuration  
get-st-pcfg  
The set-br-pcfg command retrieves Spanning Tree port parameter table. If Spanning Tree  
is disabled, no parameters are retrieved.  
get-st-pcfg {<port-number>|all}  
opt. [arg#0] port index in format <dport>; default:all  
Example  
SYS_console>get-st-pcfg  
STP PORT TABLE  
================  
ID Prior State PathCost  
DesigRoot  
DesigCost DesigBridge DesigPort  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------  
1 128 FWD  
2 128 FWD  
3 128 FWD  
4 128 FWD  
5 128 FWD  
10 8000-0020-1a00-8ca2 20 8000-0020-1a00-a75a 8001 D  
10 8000-0020-1a00-8ca2 20 8000-0020-1a00-a75a 8002 D  
10 8000-0020-1a00-8ca2 20 8000-0020-1a00-a75a 8003 D  
10 8000-0020-1a00-8ca2 20 8000-0020-1a00-a75a 8004 D  
10 8000-0020-1a00-8ca2 20 8000-0020-1a00-a75a 8005 D  
Setting Port Configuration  
P or t p r ior ity: set-prt-prio  
The set-prt-prio command sets the Spanning Tree port priority, and gives ports priorities  
for blocking.  
set-prt-prio <dport>  
The dportis the decimal port number, port_priority is an integer in the range 1..255. The  
default value is 128.  
37  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
set-prt-prio 4 128  
Priority was changed for port 4  
SYS_console>  
En a blin g/d isa blin g a p or t: set-prt-enb  
To enable or disable spanning tree on a port. The default value is disabled.  
set-prt-enb <port-number> {enable|disable}  
Example  
SYS_console>set-prt-enb 4 enable  
The Port State was changed to <enable> for port  
SYS_console>  
4
Ch a n gin g th e p a th cost: set-prt-pcost  
set-prt-pcost <dport> <path_cost>  
The parameter dport is the integer port number, and the path_cost parameter is an integer path  
cost in the range 1..65535. Using 0 as path_cost causes the switch to calculate the path cost  
automatically according to the port speed. The default values are 4, 10, and 100.  
Example  
set-prt-pcost 4 20  
The Port Path Cost was changed for port 4  
SYS_console>  
38  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Switching Commands  
This section contains instructions for managing the Switching Database with the Command  
Line Interface. To view the available switch commands, enter switch-db at the CLI prompt.  
The Switching Database consists of 12K entries. Each active entry contains the information  
relevant to a workstation, characterized by its Ethernet MAC Address.  
Learning Table  
The following section lists commands relevant to the Learning table and Aging mechanism of  
the switch. The index contained in the following commands is an integer number between one  
and the maximum size of the Switching Database Table (12K).  
Aging Configuration  
get-lt-age  
The get-lt-agecommand displays the Switching Database Aging Time in seconds. The  
default value for the Aging Time is 300 seconds. The Aging Time is the time-out period for  
dynamically learned forwarding entries. An entry whose MAC address does not appear in the  
source field of an incoming packet for a period equal to the Aging Time is discarded.  
Example  
SYS_console> get-lt-age  
Running aging period: 300 seconds  
CURRENT aging period: 300 seconds  
NVRAM aging period:  
SYS_console>  
300 seconds  
set-lt-age  
The set-lt-agecommand allows you to modify the Switching Database Aging Time. The  
change may be made:  
·
·
·
In the running database so that the new value is used immediately.  
In the NVRAM, meaning that the change occurs only in the next session.  
In both the running and the NVRAM databases.  
set-lt-age {run|nvram|all} <aging_time>  
The aging_timevalue is in seconds. The default value is 300 seconds. Use a lower value if the  
number of active workstations at a given moment is larger than the size of the Switching Database.  
The aging time can be anywhere between 10 and 11,000 seconds. 0 is used for aging OFF.  
39  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
SYS_console> set-lt-age run 400  
Aging Period update – OK  
SYS_console>  
get-lt-entry  
The get-lt-entry command displays the entry at indexin the Switching Database.  
get-lt-entry <index>  
The index value is the entry number in decimal, between 1 and 12288.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-lt-entry 1  
Entry ---- MAC Address ---- LOCK DPORT  
=================================================================  
00-20-1a-00-8c-3f -NONE- + 0000 -  
SYS_console>  
SELF Vid T  
1
+
·
·
En tr y Signifies the index in the Switching Database Table.  
MAC Ad d r ess contained in an entry or given as a parameter is printed as a 6-byte  
hexadecimal sequence separated by the -” sign. For example:  
00-20-1A-00-01-29  
·
LOCK – If on (denoted as a +), the entry is not deleted by the switch aging process (static  
entry). If off (denoted as a -), this is a dynamic entry that may be automatically deleted by  
the switch aging process if the MAC address is not active during the aging time period.  
·
·
DP ORT The destination port to which frames with the stated address are forwarded.  
SELF (not user configurable) If on (denoted as a +), the entry is a system address. These  
addresses are the switchs individual and group addresses, as well as other addresses added by  
the management system. If off (denoted as a -), the entry contains the MAC address of a station  
connected to the switch.  
·
·
VID – The VLAN Identifier (tag) (appears only when features are enabled).  
T – Tag flag (appears only when features are enabled).  
get-lt-16  
The get-lt-16command displays 16 learning table entries starting at index, or *to continue  
from the last displayed index. The format of the display is similar to the previous command  
format. If the end of the Learning table is reached, the  
the beginning.  
*
parameter starts the list over from  
get-lt-16 {<index>|*}  
40  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
SYS_console>get-lt-16 *  
number of entries:124  
Entry ---- MAC Address ---- LOCK DPORT  
====================================================  
SELF  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
00-20-1a-00-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-01-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-02-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-03-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-04-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-05-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-06-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-07-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-08-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-09-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0a-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0b-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0c-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0d-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0e-a7-c7  
00-20-1a-0f-a7-c7  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
-NONE-  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
SYS_console>  
The first displayed entries belong to the system. These entries contain information related to  
the SNMP Agent and should never be modified or removed. These entries are locked, (a (+) in  
the LOCK and SELF columns).  
MAC addresses, noted with a (-) in the LOCK and SELF columns were learned from the port  
stated in the DPORT field.  
find-lt-addr  
The find-lt-addrcommand searches for a MAC address in the Learning table. If the  
mac_address is found in the Switching Database, the entry is displayed:  
find-lt-addr <mac_address> <VID>  
[arg #0] MAC address in hex format xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx  
[arg #1] VLAN ID  
Example  
SYS_console>find-lt-addr 00-20-1a-00-8c-4d 1  
Entry ---- MAC Address ---- LOCK DPORT  
=================================================================  
15 00-20-1a-00-8c-4d -NONE- + 0000 -  
SYS_console>  
SELF Vid T  
+
If the requested MAC address is not in the table, an error message is displayed.  
41  
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Deleting Entries  
del-lt-entry  
The del-lt-entry command deletes the Learning table entry at index.  
del-lt-entry <index>  
Deleting entries with the SELF field set (+) is prohibited since they are system addresses.  
CAUTION  
Use the del-lt-entry command with caution, as it allows you to change the Switching Database.  
del-lt-port  
The del-lt-portcommand deletes the learning table entries for a particular port.  
del-lt-port <port>  
sys_console> del-lt-port 3  
del-lt-addr  
The del-lt-addr command deletes the Learning table entry that matches the mac_address.  
The command fails if the mac_addressis not found in the Learning table. Again, as in the  
previous command, use caution when deleting system entries with a (+) in LOCK column.  
del-lt-addr <mac_address> <Vid>  
Example  
SYS_console>del-lt-addr 00-11-22-33-44-55  
MAC Address - 00-11-22-33-44-55 - not in LT  
SYS_console>  
Adding Static Entries  
add-lt-entry  
The add-lt-entry adds a Learning table entry to the Switching Database. The command  
parameters are described at the beginning of this chapter.  
add-lt-entry adds an LT entry  
[arg #0] MAC address in hex format xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx  
[arg #1] port number - 1..25  
[arg #2] S- static (lock on) or D- aging out (lock off)  
[arg #3] VLAN Tag {2..4095}  
[arg #4] T- tagged or N- untagged  
Example  
SYS_console>add-lt-entry 1-2-3-4-9-10-11  
Add LT entry – OK  
SYS_console>  
42  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Virtual Broadcast Domain  
Virtual broadcasts domain is a concept that tends to confine broadcasts in a physical domain, it  
allows to diminish the bandwidth used by broadcasts, giving more room to the unicast traffic, it  
also prevent the phenomenon called broadcasts storms to affect the entire network. VBC are not  
made for a security purposes but to improve the efficiency of the communications in a network.  
VBC disconnect entities belonging to different domain by avoiding the service traffic (broadcasts)  
to go through. For instance, an ARP broadcast request sent by a machine which belongs to VBC  
1 to a machine belonging to VBC 2 will not have an answer, thus the initiating entity cannot  
resolve the layer 3 address to a MAC address and consequently cannot communicate with the  
VBC 2 machine.  
Viewing the VBC Mode  
get-vlan-mode  
get-vlan-mode {run|nvram}  
Example  
SYS_console>get-vlan-mode run  
Runtime VLAN mode is disabled  
SYS_console>  
Setting the VBC mode  
set-vlan-mode  
There are three modes available: vbc tag,or none. The modes are mutually exclusive (i.e. only  
,
one mode can be defined for running session). The default value mode is none  
.
set-vlan-mode <database><VLAN state>  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] VLAN state: either {vbc|tag|none}  
Example  
SYS_telnet>set-vlan-mode run vbc  
Set run VLAN mode vbc- OK  
Creating VBC Domains  
set-vbc-domain  
The set-vbc-domaincommand is applicable only after enabling the vbc mode,” using the  
set-vlan-modecommand. It establishes a Virtual broadcast domain. The port_listvalue is  
a dash-separated list of ports to group into a broadcast domain.  
set-vbc-domain {run|nvram|all} <port_list>  
For example, to create a virtual broadcast domain of ports 2, 5, and 6, use the following command:  
sys_console>set-vbc-domain all 2-5-6  
43  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Viewing VBC Matrix  
get-vbc-tbl  
get-vbc-tbl {run|nvram}  
Example  
SYS_console>get-vbc-tbl run  
Runtime VLAN mode is VBC Domain  
RUNTIME  
VIRTUAL BROADCAST DOMAIN TABLE  
===========================================  
Ports  
00000000 01111111 11122222 2  
VBC 12345678 90123456 78901234 5  
1: -+--++-- -------- -------- -  
SYS_console>  
NOTE: VBC are materialized with the sign +” so the ports 1.1 to 1.4 belongs to VBC 1, port 1.5 to  
1.6 belongs to VBC 2. The other ports 1.7 and 1.8 are in the default VBC. Broadcasts from VBC 1  
cannot flood VBC 2 or even the default VBC.  
get-vbc-matrix  
The get-vbc-matrix command retrieves the current broadcast Domain matrix. The first  
column is the source port list. The other columns are broadcast destination ports to which frames  
from a given source port may be forwarded.  
get-vbc-matrix <dport>  
Example  
SYS_console>get-vbc-matrix  
VBC CONNECTIVITY MATRIX  
================================  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2  
SRC to : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5  
1 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
2 : - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
3 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
4 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
5 : - + - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
6 : - + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
7 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
8 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
.
.
.
24 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
25 : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
SYS_console>  
NOTE: In this example the sign +” at the intersection of rows and columns mean that a connection  
is established. The sign -“ indicates that there is no connectivity.  
44  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Deleting a VBC  
del-vbc-domain  
del-vbc-domain {run|nvram} <domain_id>  
The domain_id parameter is the vbc id number as identified by get-vbc-tbl  
.
Example  
SYS_telnet>del-vbc-domain run 1  
Delete Runtime Virtual Broadcast Domain entry - OK  
Runtime VLAN mode is VBC Domain  
RUNTIME  
VIRTUAL BROADCAST DOMAIN TABLE  
===========================================  
Ports  
11111111 7  
VBC 12345678 1  
2: ----+++- -  
NOTE: When you use the set-vbc-domain command with the all parameter, both the runtime  
and nvram databases are changed. In case you need to delete the mentioned vbc entries, you  
should run the del-vbc-domain command twice with run and nvram parameters.  
Virtual Networking  
Virtual Networking provides the capability to view user communities as a large set of  
disconnected, yet potentially connectable stations. This allows you to develop and apply your  
own criteria for grouping users within isolated work groups.  
After such groups are created considering these criteria, the groups are actually implemented  
via hardware and software that, in effect, provide a Virtual Bridging function between all the  
member stations in a particular group. This collection of stations, referred to as a Virtual LAN,  
shares a common multicast domain. Members of different Virtual LANs can only communicate  
via Routers.  
In the Figure, most stations are members of a particular Virtual LAN and have a particular  
Virtual LAN Number (VLN 2, 3, 4, etc.). Those stations not in a particular Virtual LAN are  
automatically members of the Default Virtual LAN. MAC-layer unicast and multicast traffic  
propagating within this virtual topology can be separated into two groups: traffic passing between  
stations within the same Virtual LAN, and traffic passing across Virtual LAN boundaries.  
Unicast traffic moving within a Virtual LAN is propagated from its source, directly to its  
destination. Other stations are not exposed to this traffic (in contrast to repeated environments)  
unless they ultimately share physical segments with either the source or destination specified in  
a particular dialog. Multicast traffic is passed to all stations in the Virtual LAN, as if all  
stations were connected to a single multi-port switch. Traffic cannot pass between Virtual  
LANs without the aid of a Router. These internetworking devices must be physically connected  
to the network with a separate physical interface for each Virtual LAN.  
45  
 
   
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Important Considerations  
Before configuring your VLAN you must strictly follow the scenario:  
1. Set the VLAN mode to tagged.  
2. Set the server ports (see Server Port chapter in this manual).  
3. Set the tagging ports (see ISVLAN chapter in this manual).  
4. Configure the new VLAN.  
5. Configure the management VLAN.  
Virtual LANs can be used to limit the broadcast domain and to establish secure virtual  
workgroups. The following parameters are used within the VLAN commands.  
·
·
·
r u n – indicates that only the currently running configuration is changed. Changes are not  
restored after a reset.  
n vr a m – indicates that only the configuration stored in non-volatile memory is changed.  
Changes do not take effect until a warm or cold reset.  
a ll – indicates that both the currently running configuration and the non-volatile  
configuration is changed. The changes take effect immediately and are restored after a reset.  
Viewing the VLAN Mode  
get-vlan-mode  
get-vlan-mode {run|nvram}  
Example  
SYS_console>get-vlan-mode run  
Runtime VLAN mode is disabled  
SYS_console>  
Setting the VLAN Mode  
set-vlan-mode  
Three modes are available: vbc tagor none. The modes are mutually exclusive (i.e. only one  
,
mode can be defined for running session). The default mode is none  
.
set-vlan-mode <database> <VLAN state>  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] VLAN state: either {vbc|tag|none}  
Example  
SYS_console>set-vlan-mode run tag  
Set run VLAN mode tag – OK  
SYS_console>  
46  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Inter-Switch VLAN or ISVLAN  
The inter-switch VLAN conforms to the standard IEEE 802.1q, which describe the method of  
passing tagged frames through a physical link. To satisfy the need, the frame format should be  
changed and 4 more bytes are added to the frame header between the end of address field and  
the frame type.  
Tag Field Format  
This is a 4 bytes long field divided into two sub-fields of 2 bytes respectively named TPID and TCI.  
·
·
TPID is the Tag Protocol Identifier which identifies the tag type of the frame.  
TCI contains the user priority bits and the VID (VLAN Identifier).  
Principles of ISVLAN  
To configure a tagged port that could carry specific tagged frames you need the necessary  
information about how our ISVLAN works.  
·
The port declared as tagged port should belong to all the VLANs you are willing to  
interconnect between multiple switches with the command set-tag-outbound-mode.  
·
Once you have declared the tagged port you can create the specific VLANs using the  
command set provided in this section.  
Viewing the ISVLAN Mode  
get-tag-outbound-mode  
The get-tag-outbound-modecommand shows the VLAN Tagging ports’ state. A T”  
indicates that the Tagging mode off the port is on, A” indicates that the Tagging is off.  
get-tag-outbound-mode {run|nvram}  
Example  
SYS_telnet>get-tag-outbound-mode  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  
================================================  
T A A A A A A A A A A A  
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24  
================================================  
A A A A A A A A A A A A  
25  
====  
A
NOTE: The letter T means the port is set to tag mode. The letter A means the port is set to access.  
47  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Setting a Tagged Port  
set-tag-outbound-mode  
The set-tag-outbound-modecommand can be used to enable or disable VLAN tagging to  
port/s on a network on which all nodes support the IEEE 802.1Q standard or a comparably  
capable network. Do not enable a port connected to a network on which there are any nodes  
that do not support the IEEE 802.1q standard.  
set-tag-outbound-mode {run|nvram|all} <port-list> {enable|disable}  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] ports - ports list in format: <dport>  
[arg #2] VLAN state: either {disable|enable}  
Example  
SYS_console>set-tag-outbound-mode run 5 enable  
Set run VLAN Tag awareness – OK  
SYS_console>  
Removing a Tagged Port  
To remove a previously declared tagged port you have to use the same command.  
set-tag-outbound-mode {run|nvram |all}<port-list>{enable|disable}  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] ports - ports list in format: S1.D1-S2.D2-...-Sn.Dn  
[arg #2] VLAN state: either {disable|enable}  
Example  
SYS_console>set-tag-outbound-mode run 5.8 disable  
Set run VLAN Tag awareness – OK  
SYS_console>  
Server Port  
A server port is a shared port among VLANs. This port is seen from every VLAN it belongs to,  
VLANS can see it but they cannot use it as a third party to communicate.  
Creating a Server Port  
new-srvr-port  
The new-srvr-portcommand defines a server port” as a VLAN with one port (server) and a  
dedicated tag. The user then defines the server port” as a member of all the tag-based VLANs  
from which access is desired. Access to the server port” is available only to ports of VLANs in  
which the server port” is a member. This is done in order to share a common resource, such as  
a network server, over the defined tag VLANs.  
48  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
NOTE: You must issue the new-srvr-portcommand before the new-vlancommands for  
those VLANs to which it will be made available.  
new-srvr-port  
Set a Vlan Server port(s)  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] server ports - ports list in format: d1-...-dn  
[arg #2] VLAN Tag { 2..4095 }  
opt.[arg #3] VLAN priority 1..8 (1..4 - low, 5..8 - high); default : 1  
Removing a Server Port  
del-srvr-port  
The del-srvr-port command deletes a defined server port.  
del-srvr-port <database><port-list>  
[arg#0] database type – either {run½nvram}  
[arg#1] server ports – ports list in format: <dport>  
VLAN  
Creating a VLAN  
new-vlan  
The new-vlancommand creates a new VLAN (tagbased).  
new-vlan  
Make a new VLAN  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] Name of new vlan  
[arg #2] VLAN Domain - ports list in format: d1-...-dn  
[arg #3] VLAN Tag { 2..4095 }  
opt.[arg #4] VLAN priority 1..8 (1..4 - low, 5..8 - high); default : 1  
Example  
SYS_console>new-vlan all v1 9-10-11-12 10  
Set run Port VLAN Domain entry – OK  
SYS_console>  
NOTE: If you plan to define a server port, then you must configure that before you define  
the VLANs.  
Viewing VLAN Configuration  
get-vlan-tbl  
Get-vlan-tbl {run½nvram}  
49  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
SYS_console>get-vlan-tbl run  
Runtime VLAN mode is VLAN Tagging  
VLAN Table from RUN database (Mgmt tag: 1)  
RUNTIME  
===========================================  
VID NAME PRIO Ports  
===========================================  
VLAN TAG DOMAIN TABLE  
1 S  
2
3
SRVR_30  
RND  
FINANCE  
1
1
1
1 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 5S  
9 10 11 12 5S  
1 2 3 4 5S  
SYS_console>  
get-vlan-entry  
get-vlan-entry <database> <VID>  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram} default : run  
[arg #1] VLAN index (from get-vlan-tbl; default : 1  
Example  
SYS_telnet>get-vlan-entry run 3  
RUNTIME:  
===========================================  
VID  
===========================================  
FINANCE 20 1 1 2 3 4 5  
NAME TAG Prio Ports  
3
SYS_console>get-vlan-entry run 3  
Deleting a VLAN  
del-vlan  
NOTE: You cannot delete both Server and Management VLANs.  
del-vlan <database> <VID>  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram}  
[arg #1] VLAN id (from get-vlan-tbl  
Example  
SYS_console>del-vlan run 1  
Delete Runtime VLAN Tag Domain entry - OK  
Runtime VLAN mode is VLAN Tagging  
VLAN Table from RUN database (Mgmt tag: 1)  
WARNING  
If the Management VLAN is deleted, connections to the CPU are lost (management port).  
50  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
VLAN Management  
The processor that manages the product (SNMP responses and traps, remote telnet connections)  
does not belong to a VLAN that you have declared previously, so to get access to the processor  
through the network it is recommended to make the processor a part of a chosen VLAN with the  
following set of commands.  
Viewing the Management Tag  
get-mgmt-vlan-tag  
By default the Management processor belongs to (CPU) VLAN tag 1.  
get-mgmt-vlan-tag {run|nvram}  
Example  
SYS_console>get-mgmt-vlan-tag run  
Management VLAN tag: 1  
SYS_console>  
Modifying the Management Tag  
add-mgmt-to-vlan  
The add-mgmt-to-vlancommand adds management (CPU) to an existing VLAN.  
add-mgmt-to-vlan <database> <VTAG>  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram}  
[arg #1] VLAN Tag { 2 .. 4095 }  
Example  
SYS_console>add-mgmt-to-vlan run 10  
Set Management VLAN TAG 10 –OK  
SYS_console>  
Deleting the Management from a VLAN  
del-mgmt-from-vlan  
The del-mgmt-from-vlancommand returns the management VLAN tag to default value (1).  
Example  
SYS_console>del-mgmt-from-vlan run  
Del Management VLAN – OK  
SYS_console>  
51  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Creating a VLAN with Port Management  
set-mgmt-vlan  
The set-mgmt-vlancommand creates a new VLAN, which automatically includes the CPU  
(management port).  
set-mgmt-vlan  
Set Management VLAN  
[arg #0] database type - either {run|nvram|all}  
[arg #1] Name of Management vlan  
[arg #2] Management VLAN Domain - ports list in format: d1-...-dn  
[arg #3] VLAN Tag { 2..4095 }  
opt.[arg #4] VLAN priority 1..8 (1..4 - low, 5..8 - high); default : 1  
Example  
SYS_console>set-mgmt-vlan run v2 17-18-19-20  
Set run Management VLAN Domain – OK  
SYS_console>  
VLAN, Server-port, Example of Configuration  
In the examples below, a new VLAN server is set to port 5 on VLAN tag number 30. The  
PAYROLL VLAN (tag 10) is set to ports 1 to 4, and the FINANCE VLAN (tag 20) is set to ports  
11 to 15. Both of them are given access to the server on port 5.  
Physical configuration schema  
PAYROLL  
FINANCE  
Station  
Station 1  
Station 2  
Station 3  
Station 4  
1
Station  
1
Station  
1
Station  
1
VLAN Server Port Configu
Application  
server  
new-srvr-port run 5 30  
Set VLAN Server Ports – OK  
52  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
VLAN Configuration  
Payroll VLAN Configuration:  
sys-console>new-vlan run PAYROLL 1-2-3-5-9 10  
Set run VLAN Domain entry – OK  
SYS_console>  
Finance VLAN Configuration:  
sys-console>new-vlan run FINANCE 5-11-12-13-14-15 20  
Set run VLAN Domain entry – OK  
SYS_console>  
Checking the Configuration:  
SYS_console>get-vlan-tbl run  
Runtime VLAN mode is VLAN Tagging  
VLAN Table from RUN database (Mgmt tag: 1)  
RUNTIME  
===========================================  
VID NAME TAG PRIO Ports  
===========================================  
VLAN TAG DOMAIN TABLE  
1 S  
2
SRVR_30  
PAYROLL  
FINANCE  
30 1  
10 1  
20 1  
1 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5S  
1 2 3 4 9 5S  
3
11 12 13 14 15 5S  
SYS_console>  
53  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Utilities Commands  
Ping Commands  
The ping command is intended for testing the connectivity between the switch and other IP  
network devices. It is not intended as a traffic generator. Thus, using the endless ping option is  
not recommended.  
ping  
The Ping command pings the Ipaddress specified numberof times or 0for endless ping. The  
ping process starts sending one datagram per second until the numberof datagrams are sent. It  
prints one line of output for each response that it receives. The ping command does not return  
any output if there is no response. Normal response time is 1 to 10 seconds.  
ping <IP address> {<number>|0}  
Example  
SYS_console>ping 194.90.136.20 4  
SYS_console>194.90.136.20 Alive. echo reply: id 4643, seq 1, echo-data-len 0  
194.90.136.20 Alive. echo reply: id 4643, seq 2, echo-data-len 0  
194.90.136.20 Alive. echo reply: id 4643, seq 3, echo-data-len 0  
194.90.136.20 Alive. echo reply: id 4643, seq 4, echo-data-len 0  
PING process stopped - statistics :  
ICMP echo requests :  
ICMP echo responses :  
4
4
PING process - press <CR> for prompt  
SYS_console>  
If a host does not respond, only statistics are printed. Failure to get an echo response from a  
host may be due to:  
·
·
·
·
·
A bad physical connection  
A non-existent or inactive host  
Network Unreachable: no corresponding entry in the routing table  
Destination Unreachable: the default gateway failed to route the datagram  
Outdated ARP table information - flush the ARP table with the del-arp-entry command.  
ping-stop  
If you started a long ping, use this command, or CTRL-C to stop the active ping process.  
Port mirroring  
The port mirroring feature allows you to copy selected frames to a probe port for diagnostic and  
troubleshooting purposes.  
Port mirroring allows you to attach a network protocol analyzer to a probe port to view the types  
of traffic passing through a particular switch port or ports.  
This analysis can help troubleshoot network problems on a port-by-port basis.  
54  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Setting the Monitoring Port  
set-mon-port  
set-mon-port <port>  
Example  
SYS_telnet>set-mon-port 1  
Set of the Monitor Port - OK  
Monitoring with: monitor  
To set the port to be monitored and start the monitoring process decimal port. All traffic from  
this port is duplicated on the monitoring port specified by the set-mon-port command.  
monitor <dport>  
Example  
SYS_telnet>monitor 1  
Start monitoring port 1 - OK  
The monitoring device must be connected to the monitoring port before monitoring is activated.  
Saving the Configuration  
save-mon  
The save-moncommand saves the current port-monitoring configuration to the NVRAM.  
Example  
SYS_telnet>save-mon  
Save monitoring configuration to NVRAM - OK  
Stopping Monitoring  
stop-mon  
Example  
SYS_telnet>stop-mon  
Stop monitoring - OK  
55  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Viewing the NVRAM Configuration  
get-nv-mon  
The get-nv-moncommand retrieves the port monitoring information stored with the save-mon  
command in the NVRAM.  
Example  
SYS_telnet>get-nv-mon  
The NVRAM based monitoring configuration is :  
Monitored port: 4  
Monitor port: 2  
Monitor ACTIVE  
Erasing the NVRAM configuration  
clear-nv-mon  
Example  
SYS_telnet>clear-nv-mon  
Clear NVRAM monitoring configuration - OK  
Frame Generator  
Setting the Frame Generator  
set-fg-param  
The set-fg-parmcommand sets the frame generator parameters. The destand source  
parameters are dash-separated hardware addresses in hex. The fill_byte parameter is a single  
byte used to fill the entire packet except for the first 12 bytes. The lengthis the total length of  
the packet excluding CRC.  
set-fg-param <dest> <source> <fill_byte> <length>  
Example  
SYS_console>set-fg-param 00-0E-DE-02-80-01 00-0D-01-32-11-22 aa 100  
SYS_console>  
Starting the Frame Generation  
start-fg  
The start-fgcommand starts frame generation. The dportparameter is a dash-separated  
list of ports on which to generate traffic. For example, a dportsend frames to another dport  
The countparameter specifies the number of frames to send on each interface. A countof  
.
0
specifies an infinite number of packets. The rateparameter specifies the number of packets per  
second to generate.  
start-fg <dport> <count> <rate>  
56  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Example  
SYS_console>start-fg 1 9 0 10  
SYS_console>  
Stopping the Frame Generation  
stop-fg  
This command stops the Ethernet frame generator.  
SNMP  
This section explains how to use the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to manage  
LAN Switch Processors. It assumes that you are using an SNMP-based network management  
software application such as NBase-Xyplex MegaVision ™ to manage the switches. Hereafter,  
this section refers to your network management application as a Network Operations Center  
(NOC). Additionally, this section describes the RMON (Remote Monitoring) application and the  
type of network management applications that enable you to use RMON.  
NBase-Xyplex SNMP Support  
SNMP is an Internet standard protocol, defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  
Request for Comment (RFC) 1157, which specifies how network management information is  
carried through a network. NBase-Xyplex switches support SNMP by implementing an SNMP  
agent. The agent stores Management Information Base (MIB) data and makes it available  
when requested through SNMP Set, Get, and Get_Next requests.  
In addition, NBase-Xyplex switches generate SNMP Trap messages. Traps are notices that the  
switch sends to an SNMP manager indicating that a specific event has occurred, or that the  
condition of a unit has changed significantly.  
SNMP basic configuration  
To enable your NOC to communicate with a NBase-Xyplex switch, you must assign it an IP  
address. Use the following command to do this:  
set-ip-cfg ip-address ip-mask ip-broadcast  
The address you assign must be valid for the network connected to the switch. In a routed  
network, depending on the switch location, you also need to assign a subnet mask and gateway,  
as follows:  
set-gatew ip-gateway-address  
To make sure that your NOC can exchange information with the switch, Ping the switch from  
the NOC.  
57  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
SNMP Community String Commands  
-----------------------------------------------------------------  
get-comm  
set-comm  
show current read or/and write community  
change the read or write community  
SNMP Community strings authenticate access to the MIB (Management Information Base).  
Community strings function as passwords” embedded in every SNMP packet. The community  
string must match one of the two community strings configured in the switch for the message to  
be processed. There are two community strings, one for each of the following types of accesses:  
·
·
r ea d mode gives read access to all the objects in the MIB, but does not allow write access.  
w r ite mode gives write access to all objects in the MIB.  
Viewing the Community String  
get-comm  
The get-commcommand displays the SNMP community string for a given access mode (read  
or write). If the access mode is specified as *, both the read and the write community strings  
are displayed.  
get-comm {read|write|*}  
Example  
SYS_console> get-comm *  
Current read community is: < public >  
Current write community is: < private >  
SYS_console>  
Setting the Read or Write Community  
set-comm  
The set-commcommand lets you specify the SNMP community string for each of the two access  
modes: read and write.  
set-comm {read|write} <community-string>  
Example  
SYS_console>set-comm write password  
New write community is: < password >  
SYS_console>  
58  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
SNMP Traps  
Traps are notices that the switch sends to an SNMP manager indicating that a specific event  
has occurred, or that the condition of a unit has changed significantly. SNMP Traps are  
disabled by default.  
NOTE: Trap messages do not provide an entirely reliable event notification mechanism; they  
can get dropped, and are not acknowledged or retransmitted once dropped.  
When the Switch detects an extraordinary event, it generates a trap. A trap is a notification  
message that may be sent to predefine Network Management Stations. A trap event may be a  
reset (cold or warm), detection of an interface link status change, an SNMP authentication  
failure due to an incorrect community string, and so.  
The SNMP trap commands let you manage whether or not the device issues an authentication  
trap to the list of selected SNMP Management Stations. The list has a maximum of five entries.  
get-auth  
set-auth  
get-traps  
add-trap  
del-trap  
shows the traps authentication mode  
modifies the traps authentication mode  
show destination stations in the trap list  
add a destination station to the trap list  
delete a destination station from the trap list  
Setting Authentication Traps  
Authentication Failures – This trap is generated whenever a login attempt fails during the  
authentication process on a management port.  
Viewing the Authentication Trap Status  
get-auth  
Example  
SYS_console>get-auth  
The authentication trap messages are enabled  
SYS_console>  
Setting the Authentication Trap  
set-auth {enable|disable}  
Example  
SYS_telnet>set-auth disable  
The authentication trap message mode change OK  
The authentication trap messages are DISABLED  
59  
 
   
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Configuring the Trap Stations  
Viewing the stations list:  
get-traps  
Example  
SYS_console>get-traps  
SNMP TRAP TABLE  
===============  
IPADDR  
COMMUNITY  
---------------------------------------------------  
194.090.136.126 -----------  
SYS_console>  
public  
Adding a station to the list:  
add-trap  
The add-trapcommand enters the IP Address of the SNMP Management Station and the trap  
community string that appears in the trap message.  
add-trap <IP address> <trap-community>  
Example  
SYS_console>add-trap 194.90.136.20 rnd  
Entry 194.90.136.20 - rnd added  
SNMP TRAP TABLE  
===============  
IPADDR  
COMMUNITY  
---------------------------------------------------  
194.090.136.126 -----------  
194.090.136.020 -----------  
public  
rnd  
---------------------------------------------------  
SYS_console>  
Deleting a station from the list:  
del-trap <IP address>  
The stations IP addressmust be given as shown in the list provided with get-trap command.  
Example  
SYS_console>del-trap 194.90.136.20  
Entry 194.90.136.20 – deleted  
SYS_console>  
60  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Statistics  
This section contains instructions for displaying the switching statistics. Type statisticsat  
the CLI to view all the related commands.  
Clearing the Switch Counters  
clr-cnt  
The clr-cntcommand clears the Ethernet and bridging counters.  
Getting Statistics on a Particular Port  
get-eth-cnt  
get-eth-cnt <dport>  
Example  
get-eth-cnt <dport>  
SYS_console>get-eth-cnt 7  
Ethernet Statistics for port 7  
===================================================  
Good Bytes Received  
Good Bytes Sent  
Good Frames Receive  
Good Multicast Frames Receive  
Good BroadCast Frames Receive  
Frames Sent  
Multicast Frames Sent  
BroadCastFrames Sent  
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2840  
964  
22  
7
9
6
1
0
0
0
0
Receive and Transmit Collisions  
Receive and Transmit Late Collisions  
Receive CRC or Alignment Error  
Receive Frame > 1518 bytes with Bad CRC :  
Receive Fragments  
Receive Frame > 1518 bytes with Good CRC :  
0
0
0
:
===================================================  
SYS_console>  
Getting Collisions on a Port  
get-colls-cnt <dport>  
Example  
SYS_console>get-colls-cnt 7  
Ethernet Collision Counters for port 7  
==========================================  
Collision Count  
Single Collision Count  
:
:
128  
0
Multiple Collision Count :  
Excessive Collision Count :  
0
0
0
Late Collision Count  
:
==========================================  
SYS_console>  
61  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Rmon Statistics  
Getting Rmon Statistics Group for a Port  
get-rmon-cnt <dport>  
Example  
SYS_console>get-rmon-cnt 3  
Ethernet RMON Counters for port 3  
===================================  
etherStatsOctets  
etherStatsPkts  
:
:
:
:
11971  
116  
52  
56  
0
etherStatsBcastPkts  
etherStatsMcastPkts  
etherStatsCRCAllignPkts:  
etherStatsUndersizePkts:  
etherStatsOversizePkts :  
0
0
etherStatsRuntPkts  
:
0
etherStatsJabberPkts :  
etherStatsCollisions :  
SYS_console>  
0
0
Getting the Packet Size Distribution  
get-sdist-cnt <dport>  
The get-sdist-cntcommand is available for Fast Ethernet ports only.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-sdist-cnt 3  
RMON Packet Size Distribution Counters for port 3  
============================================================  
etherStatsPkts64Octets  
etherStatsPkts65to127Octets  
:
:
16  
109  
23  
7
etherStatsPkts128to255Octets :  
etherStatsPkts256to511Octets :  
etherStatsPkts512to1023Octets :  
etherStatsPkts1024to1518Octets :  
SYS_console>  
0
0
62  
 
 
Configuring, Modifying, and Monitoring the Unit  
Getting the Management Counters  
get-mgm-brcnt  
The get-mgm-brcnt command retrieves the counters for the management interface.  
Example  
SYS_console>get-mgm-brcnt  
Management Port Counters  
=============================================  
Frm Received  
Bytes Received  
Frm Received Ucast:  
Frm Received Bcast:  
Frm Received Mcast:  
:
23756  
: 2319627  
0
12683  
11073  
Frm Transmited  
:
0
0
0
0
0
Bytes Transmited :  
Frm Transmit Ucast:  
Frm Transmit Bcast:  
Frm Transmit Mcast:  
-------------------------------------------------------  
port : Received frames Transmited frames :  
:
number: UCAST : BCAST : MCAST : UCAST : BCAST : MCAST :  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
454  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12229  
11037  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SYS_console>  
63  
 
 
 
Trouble Shooting  
The NH2025-10 is a highly reliable unit. If you encounter an operating problem, follow the  
troubleshooting steps below. If the problem persists, contact your local NBase-Xyplex representative.  
1. Ensure that the unit is plugged into a grounded, functioning AC outlet providing between 90  
VAC and 264 VAC at 50/60 Hz. Check the power fuse and replace if blown.  
CAUTION  
For continued protection against fire, replace with same type and rating fuse.  
2. Review all link LEDs to ensure that those ports you believe should be functioning are  
properly attached to a cable.  
3. Verify that your cables are wired correctly.  
Problem:  
Cause:  
LINK LED is ON but data is not being forwarded through switch.  
Cables are too long.  
Solution:  
Make sure that cables are as defined in the installation section of  
this guide. Check that cables meet the 10Base-T/100Base-TX  
standards and that they do not exceed 100m.  
4. Review all link LEDs to ensure that those ports you believe should be functioning are  
properly configured, and not disabled or partitioned.  
Problem:  
Cause:  
Port disabled due to a defective device on segment.  
When a defective NIC card causes a permanent jam on  
the network, the port will be disabled by the NH2025-10.  
Solution:  
a) Locate the defective device and disconnect it from the  
network.  
b) The disabled port can be enabled through management  
or by shutting off the unit and powering up again.  
5. Ensure that the equipment attached to the switch is properly configured.  
If you encounter any situations or problems you cannot solve, obtain, if possible, the  
following information:  
The serial number of your switch and its hardware address  
·
If the NMS option is installed, the firmware revision number displayed in the terminal  
console banner message.  
·
·
·
The configuration of the equipment being interfaced with the switch.  
The sequence of events leading up to your problem.  
Troubleshooting procedures you have already followed.  
65  
 
Trouble Shooting  
After compiling the above information, contact your local MRV communications representative or a  
Customer Service Representative. In addition, if you have specific questions about your network  
configuration, or have a particularly difficult network, please call our technical support.  
Tel (US): 1-800-435-7997  
Tel (Int.): +1+978-952-4888  
Fax: (978) 952-4880  
E-mail: service@mrv.com  
66  
 
Commands Quick Reference  
Console Commands  
help-kbd  
banner  
clear  
Lists the console functional keys.  
Displays banner.  
Clears the screen (no argument is required with this command).  
Exits Admin Interface; but does not disconnect a Telnet session.  
Exits Admin Interface; Telnet session will be disconnected.  
Sets console page.  
login  
logout  
set-page  
set-prompt  
Changes console prompt.  
set-attr-  
prompt  
Sets the prompt attributes.  
set-attr-msg  
set-attr-text  
set-passwd  
Sets the message attributes.  
Sets the text attributes.  
Changes the console password.  
System Commands  
sys-stat  
Shows system status.  
Shows the hardware selftest level.  
get-stst-level  
set-stst-level  
warm-reset  
cold-reset  
Changes the hardware selftest level.  
Restarts the device without resetting the log.  
Restarts the device the same way as a power cycle.  
Retrieves the number of warm resets since the last hardware reset. It also displays  
the last Fatal error message and the time since that error happened.  
get-last-err  
Resets the non-volatile RAM on the SNMP Agent to default values.  
Retrieves SNMP agent software file name.  
Sets the SNMP Agent Software file name - for download.  
Retrieves the TFTP download mode.  
init-nvram  
get-sw-file  
set-sw-file  
get-tftp-mode  
set-tftp-mode  
get-tftp-srvr  
set-tftp-srvr  
sw-dnld  
Sets the TFTP download mode.  
Retrieves the TFTP server address.  
Sets the TFTP server IP address.  
Begins software download from TFTP server.  
Sets the Ethernet frame generator parameters.  
Starts the Ethernet frame generator  
set-fg-param  
start-fg  
stop-fg  
Stops the frame generator.  
67  
 
 
Commands Quick Reference  
IP Commands  
get-ip  
Shows current IP address.  
set-ip  
Sets IP address.  
get-ip-cfg  
set-ip-cfg  
clear-ip-cfg  
get-gatew  
set-gatew  
get-bootp  
set-bootp  
Shows current IP configuration.  
Sets IP address, netmask and broadcast.  
Clears IP configuration in NVRAM.  
Shows default gateway.  
Defines default gateway.  
retrieves the state of the BOOTP process  
enables or disables the BOOTP process activation  
Ping Commands  
ping  
ICMP utility.  
Stops the ping process.  
ping-stop  
ARP Commands  
Displays the ARP Table.  
get-arp-tbl  
del-arp-entry  
add-arp-entry  
get-arp-stats  
Deletes an entry/all entries (*) of the ARP table.  
Adds an entry to the ARP table.  
Gets ARP statistics.  
EtherChannel Commands  
new-ec  
Creates a new EtherChannel.  
get-ec-tbl  
get-ec-entry  
del-ec  
Shows EtherChannel Table.  
Show EtherChannel entry.  
Removes an EtherChannel.  
SNMP Commands  
get-comm  
set-comm  
get-auth  
set-auth  
get-traps  
add-trap  
del-trap  
Shows current read and /or write community.  
Changes the read or write community.  
Shows the traps authentication mode.  
Sets the trap authentication mode.  
Shows destination stations in the trap list.  
Adds destination station to trap list.  
Deletes a destination station from trap list.  
68  
 
 
Commands Quick Reference  
Switching Database Commands  
Gets a Learning Table entry at index.  
Gets 16 Learning Table entries starting at a given index.  
get-lt-entry  
get-lt-16  
find-lt-addr  
del-lt-entry  
del-lt-port  
del-lt-addr  
add-lt-entry  
get-lt-age  
set-lt-age  
Searches for an address in the Learning Table.  
Removes a Learning Table entry at index.  
Deletes the Learning Table entries for a port.  
Removes a Learning Table with a given address.  
Adds a Learning Table entry.  
Displays the Learning Table aging period.  
Modifies the Learning Table aging period.  
Virtual LAN Commands  
set-vbc-domain  
del-vbc-domain  
get-vbc-tbl  
Defines a Virtual Broadcast domain.  
Deletes a Virtual Broadcast domain.  
Displays the Virtual Broadcast domain table.  
Retrieves the VBC connectivity matrix monitor.  
Displays the current VLAN operational mode.  
Selects the desired VLAN definition mode.  
Creates a new VLAN.  
get-vbc-matrix  
get-vlan-mode  
set-vlan-mode  
new-vlan  
new-srvr-port  
del-srvr-port  
Sets a VLAN Server's port(s).  
Deletes a defined “server port”.  
Displays a specific VLAN’s table, by entering its VLAN id.  
Displays the VLAN Table.  
get-vlan-entry  
get-vlan-tbl  
add-mgmt-to-vlan  
del-mgmt-from-vlan  
set-mgmt-vlan  
get-mgmt-vlan-tag  
del-vlan  
Adds management (CPU) to an existing VLAN.  
Returns the management (CPU) VLAN tag to default value (1).  
Sets management (CPU) for VLAN (Default =1).  
Retrieves the Management (CPU) VLAN tag.  
Deletes a VLAN.  
set-priority-policy  
get-priority-policy  
vlan-prio-modify  
Sets a policy for switch priority.  
Gets a policy for switch priority.  
Modifies the VLAN priority.  
69  
 
 
Commands Quick Reference  
Port Monitoring  
set-mon-port  
monitor  
Sets the monitoring port on which the sniffer is connected.  
Sets the port to be monitored and also starts the monitoring process.  
Ends port monitoring.  
stop-mon  
get-nv-mon  
save-mon  
Retrieves port monitoring information stored in NVRAM.  
Saves current port monitoring information into NVRAM.  
Clears port monitoring information in NVRAM.  
clear-nv-mon  
Port Configuration Commands  
get-port-cfg  
set-port-cfg  
set-port-state  
Displays the configuration of all ports.  
Sets the port speed, port duplex, or auto.d: auto, 100, 10, or 1000  
Enables or disables a port when Spanning Tree algorithm is not  
running.  
Displays the status of the port flow control function..  
Sets the mode of operation of the port flow control function..  
sets the priority of a port  
get- fctrl  
set- fctrl  
set-priority-port-cfg  
get-priority-port-cfg  
get-tag-outbound-mode  
set-tag-outbound-mode  
displays the port priority configuration  
Shows the VLAN Tagging ports’ state.  
Enables or disables VLAN tagging to a port and should be set to ports  
on a network on which all nodes support the IEEE 802.1q. Disable  
any port connected to a network on which there are any nodes that do  
not support the IEEE 802.1q.  
Switching Statistics Commands  
Clears switch Ethernet and bridging counters  
clr-cnt  
get-eth-cnt  
get-colls-cnt  
get-rmon-cnt  
get-sdist-cnt  
get-mgm-brcnt  
Gets Ethernet counters per port  
Gets collision distribution counters per port  
Gets Ethernet RMON counters per port  
Gets packet size distribution counters per port  
Gets switching counters of the mgmt port  
70  
 
 
Commands Quick Reference  
Spanning Tree Commands  
Displays Spanning Tree session state  
get-stp  
set-stp  
Enables/Disables Spanning Tree - for the next session  
Retrieves Spanning Tree Bridge parameters  
Retrieves Spanning Tree port parameter table  
Sets Spanning Tree bridge priority  
get-st-bcfg  
get-st-pcfg  
set-br-prio  
set-br-maxage  
set-br-hello  
set-br-fwdel  
set-prt-prio  
set-prt-enb  
set-br-pcost  
Sets Spanning Tree bridge MaxAge  
Sets Spanning Tree bridge HelloTime  
Sets Spanning Tree bridge Forward Delay  
Sets Spanning Tree port priority  
Sets Spanning Tree port to enable or disable mode  
Sets Spanning Tree port path cost  
71  
 
 
 
Appendix A  
System Default Values  
console  
Password  
Prompt  
system  
NONE  
SYS_console>  
SW file name  
tftp mode  
changes according to revision (flash.hex)  
Server  
snmp  
Read Community:  
Write Community:  
Authentication Mode:  
Traps Managers:  
public  
private  
Enable  
NONE  
switch-db  
Aging Time  
300  
port configuration  
port duplex  
HALFAUTO  
AUTO  
port select  
spanning tree  
Spanning Tree  
Bridge Priority  
Bridge Max Age  
Bridge Hello Time  
Bridge Forward Delay  
Port Priority  
disable  
32768  
20  
0-65535  
6.0 - 40.0 sec  
1.0 - 10.0 sec  
4.0 - 30.0  
0-255  
2
15  
128  
Port Cost  
4/10/100 (depending on  
switch/port module  
0-65535  
speed/LAN speed (Mbps). )  
73  
 
 
Appendix B  
Firmware Download Using TFTP  
The switch can be updated with new firmware using TFTP applications. The update can be  
done with the switch defined as either a TFTP client or a TFTP server.  
NOTE: Bootp should be set to disable with the command set-bootpdisable before proceeding  
to the software update.  
Download Procedure - "Client Mode"  
A remote TFTP server station is required.  
1. Configure the following switch parameters:  
·
·
·
set-tftp-mode client  
set-tftp-srvr IP address of the TFTP server station  
set-sw-file file name of the firmware to be loaded ("name".hex)  
2. Operate the remote TFTP server, with the path defined for the location of the name” hex file.  
3. Start the download procedure using the sw-dnld command in the switch.  
NOTE: After successful completion of the download, the switch reboots and operates the  
new firmware.  
·
Once the switch is rebooted it is possible to set bootp to enable with the command set-  
bootp enable.  
·
NBase-Xyplex strongly recommends erasing the NVRAM with the command init-nvram,  
and then proceeding to an entire reconfiguration of the switch. This will allow the new  
firmware to operate normally.  
Download Procedure - "Server mode"  
A remote TFTP station operated in client mode is required.  
1. Configure the switch with the following parameters:  
·
·
set-tftp-mode server  
set-sw-file - file name of firmware to be loaded ("name".hex)  
2. Operate the remote TFTP program in client mode and configure:  
·
·
Path of the file to be loaded ("name".hex)  
IP address of the remote server (the switch)  
3. Start the download procedure with the "sw-dnld" command in the switch and "send" in the  
TFTP client.  
75  
 
 
Firmware Download Using TFTP  
TFTP Recovery - Breaking into the BootROM  
Unsuccessful downloading as a result of a corrupted file, premature time-out, etc., may cause the  
switch to enter a reboot "loop". If this happens, do the following:  
1. Stop the loop situation and break into the BootROM menu by pressing the Enter key during  
the boot process. This stops the loop.  
2. login and use the set of commands provided by the BootROM.  
3. Use the set of commands provided by the BootROM to set or check the TFTP setting. You  
can check with the following commands:  
· get-sw-filegives you the software name,  
· get-tftp-srvrdisplays the tftp server IP address  
· get-tftp-modeprovides you with the mode (client or server)  
To set the configuration use the commands below:  
· set-sw-file Filename(the name of the software located into the tftp server)  
· set-tftp-srvr (the tftp server's IP address)  
· set-tftp-mode client  
4. At this point, you can use the previously entered TFTP parameters, and a new download  
session started with the sw-dnldcommand.  
NOTE: After successful completion of the download, the switch reboots and operates the new  
firmware, but keeps the old parameters.  
76  
 
 
Appendix C  
Technical Specifications  
Com p a tibility  
The 2025-10 is compatible with the following: IEEE 802.3; IEEE 802.3u (Fast Ethernet);  
802.1q; IEEE 802.1d (Bridge/Spanning Tree), Ethernet MIB, BRIDGE MIB, RMON (Groups  
1,2,3,9), IEEE 802.3x (Flow Control)  
Electr ica l  
Voltage  
100 - 240 VAC  
50 - 60 Hz  
40W  
Frequency  
Power Consumption  
Con n ector s  
STP  
RJ-45 shielded  
DB-9  
RS-232  
Op tica l  
1000Ba se-F X (SX, LX)  
SX/M  
LX/M  
LX/S1  
LX/S2  
LX/S3  
850nm;  
1310nm;  
0-300 m  
0-500 m  
0-6 km  
MM, DSC  
MM, DSC  
SM, DSC  
SM, DSC  
SM, DSC  
1310nm;  
(DFB)1550nm;  
(DFB)1550nm;  
0-20 km  
0-50 km  
Lea r n in g Ta ble  
12K MAC addresses  
Boot a n d Con figu r a tion  
NVRAM configuration loaded on power up.  
P h ysica l  
H x W x D  
Weight  
6.55 x 44.06 x 33.0 cm  
3.6 kg  
2.6” (1.5U) x 17.3” x 13”  
8 lb.  
77  
 
Technical Specifications  
En vir on m en t  
Operating Temperature  
0°C to 50°C  
32°F to 122°F  
14°F to 122°F  
Storage Temperature  
Humidity  
-10°C to 50°C  
85% maximum, non-condensing  
Sta n d a r d s Com p lia n ce  
UL-1950; CSA 22.2 No 950; VCCI; FCC Part 15 Class A; CE - 89/336/EEC, 73/23/EEC  
78  
 

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